“…However, the unique structure of MIMs allows for deep sub-wavelength scales and high group velocity over a wide frequency range, in addition to also providing high optical confinement and acceptable propagation length [ 8 ]. As a result, MIM structures can be used in a variety of applications, including in optical filters [ 9 ], optical switches [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], Mach–Zehnder interferometers [ 14 , 15 ], demultiplexers [ 16 ], and nanosensors [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”