Highly efficient electrochemical reduction of CO₂ into formic acid over lead dioxide in an ionic liquid–catholyte mixture

Abstract

The combination of commercial lead dioxide and ionic liquid based catholytes showed highly efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 into formic acid.

Enabling storage and utilization of low-carbon electricity: power to formic acid

“…183 Similarly, Wu et al found 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BzMIM]BF4) to be the best IL to enhance the efficiency of the PbO2 electrode in eCO2RR for FA production under the same combination of ternary electrolyte (IL/H2O/MeCN). 184 A very high CD of 40.8 mA/cm -2 was achieved with an FE of 95.5%. A speculative reaction mechanism has been proposed for eCO2RR to FA over the PbO2 electrode assisted by [BzMIM]BF4 (Fig.…”

“…Recently, there is an increasing number of reports of CO2-to-FA conversion utilizing organic solvents and solid electrolytes to achieve higher CO2 solubility, to limit HER activity and temperature resistance, and to allow easy downstream separation of products. [183][184][185][186] In the case of aqueous electrolytes, the use of bicarbonate (HCO3 -) and carbonate (CO3 2-) anions as the source of CO2 can enhance the eCO2RR by increasing the local CO2 concentration. 187,188 On the other hand, Li + , Na + , K + , H + and NH4 + cations were found to favor eCO2RR where KHCO3 solution was the commonly adopted aqueous electrolyte and could be widely used for various electrodes including Cu, Sn, Hg, Pb, carbon, gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) etc.…”

“…34 (a) Possible reaction mechanism for eCO2RR towards FA formation in IL containing catholytes on electrode surface. 184 (b) Schematic illustration of all solid-state reactor containing solid electrolyte for eCO2RR to pure FA. 185,186 Since eCO2RR is often carried out in the aqueous solution to facilitate ion conduction between electrodes, it is inconvenient and energy-intensive to separate a liquid product like FA from dissolved salts.…”

CO<sub>2</sub> chemical engineering: CO<sub>2</sub> green conversion enhanced by ionic liquid microhabitat

“…Han等 [81] [88] , 如优化固定化酶/辅因子系统, 促进辅酶 NADH再生 [89] ; GelCSi微胶囊分区定位, 根据酶的活 性来调节单个酶的量 [90] ; 通过中空纤维膜(HFMs)微反 应器, 可将酶活性提高5倍 [91] . [84] ; (b) CO 2 •− 在 扫描电子显微镜下的采集示意 [85] (网络版彩图)…”

Synthesis and Evaluation of Copper-Supported Titanium Oxide Nanotubes as Electrocatalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Oxide to Organics

“…Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 is an elegant method to transform CO 2 into an array of valuable products with many attractive features [12]. This process takes place in an electrochemical reactor where the reduction of CO 2 takes place at the cathode and water oxidation takes place at the anode using electrical energy from a conventional grid or renewable source [13][14][15]. The main advantages of electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (ERC) are the requirement of benign process condition (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) and tunable product distribution using different cathode materials [16,17].…”