Highly Efficient and Sustainable Spent Mushroom Waste Adsorbent Based on Surfactant Modification for the Removal of Toxic Dyes

Abstract

The treatment of wastewater always demands eco-friendly and cost-efficient adsorbents. In this paper, spent mushroom waste (SMW) was modified by a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) to eliminate toxic dyes. A characterization of adsorbents confirmed that CTAB was successfully embedded into the SMW structure. The spent mushroom waste, modified by CTAB (SMWC), exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity of 249.57 mg·g−1, 338.67 mg·g−1, and 265.01 mg·g−1 for the Direct red 5B (DR5B), Direct blue 71 (DB71), and Reactive black (RB5) dyes, respectively. Batch experiments indicated that the dye adsorption of SMWC depended mainly on pH, dye concentration, temperature, and ionic strength. The adsorption isotherm could be fitted to the Langmuir model and described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The dye adsorption mechanism was dominated mostly by the chemosorption of the dyes and the SMWC surface. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. SMWC could successfully remove over 90% of dyes from various water samples. This can be considered a feasible waste resource utility, since it meets both the ecological and the economic requirements for auspicious industrial applications.

Application of graphene‐based adsorbents in the treatment of dye‐contaminated wastewater; kinetic and isotherm studies

“…The adsorption was suitable with the Langmuir isotherm model due to the highest correlation value. Similarly, Alhujaily et al [ 42 ] indicated that the anionic textile dye biosorption by a cationic surfactant‐modified mushroom waste was best fitted with the Langmuir model. The Langmuir isotherm model shows the homogeneous surface of the biosorbent covering with a single layer.…”

Adsorption of Malachite Green with Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Modified Sepiolite: Characterization, Adsorption Performance and Regeneration

“…The rate-limiting factor assumed by quasi-secondary reaction kinetics was consistent with the results obtained by thermodynamic analysis. Moreover, the intraparticle diffusion was probably not a control factor during the adsorption process [13].…”

“…The specific surface area of the adsorbent was measured by a Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurement (QuadraSorb SI, Quantachrome, Boynton Beach, FL, U.S.) [12]. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) was used with an X-ray diffraction spectrometer (D8-Advance, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) [13]. The tube pressure was 20 KV, the scanning range was 5–60°, and the scanning speed was 0.02°/0.2 s. The substance contained therein was determined based on the diffraction database.…”

“…The tube pressure was 20 KV, the scanning range was 5–60°, and the scanning speed was 0.02°/0.2 s. The substance contained therein was determined based on the diffraction database. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was detected with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Spectrum One B, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA), and the scanning range was 4000–500 cm −1 [13]. To observe the appearance features, a scanning electron microscope (Quanta 200, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) was employed to observe the features of modified sepiolite [14].…”

Effects of Fermented Mushroom Residue Feed on Growth Performance and Rumen Microorganisms of Goats

“…Many reports have shown that mushroom residue contains a large amount of crude protein, minerals, amino acids, and other active nutrients. It can be considered a potential high-quality, unconventional raw material for livestock and poultry feed [4,5]. At present, most mushroom residue is burned for power generation or discarded, while only a small proportion is processed for animal feed, wasting a precious biological resource and causing serious ecological damage to the environment [6].…”