Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells based on a Low‐Cost Carbon Cloth

Gholipour, Somayeh; Correa‐Baena, Juan‐Pablo; Domanski, Konrad; Matsui, Taisuke; Steier, Ludmilla; Giordano, Fabrizio; Tajabadi, Fariba; Tress, Wolfgang; Saliba, Michael; Abate, Antonio; Ali, A. Morteza; Taghavinia, Nima; Grätzel, Michaël; Hagfeldt, Anders

doi:10.1002/aenm.201601116

Cited by 116 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Carbon cloth and carbon fibers, widely used in DSSCs and batteries, replaced gold in a batch of PSCs proposed by Gholipour et al 330 The optimized device configuration led to a PCE of 14.8%. Long-term stability was studied under a N 2 atmosphere, 85 1C, constant 1 sun illumination and MPP tracking.…”

Section: Stability Of Carbon-based Pscsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

248

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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Section: Stability Of Carbon-based Pscsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

248

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, Gholipour et al. reported the use of carbon cloth as back‐contact in PSCs . In brief, by embedding the carbon cloth in a carbon paste, the devices retained more than half of their initial PCE (≈15 %) under full illumination after over 100 h, compared to less than 20 % in just 20 h for the gold controls, when exposed to thermal stress (85 °C).…”

Section: Back‐electrodes: Beyond Gold and Towards Printable Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However,G holipour et al reported the use of carbon cloth as back-contacti n PSCs. [57] In brief, by embedding the carbon cloth in ac arbon paste,t he devices retained more than half of their initial PCE ( % 15 %) under full illumination after over 100 h, compared to less than 20 %i nj ust 20 hf or the gold controls, when exposed to thermals tress (85 8C). Aitola et al also found similarp erformance and resilience to heat by using press-transferred single-walled carbonn anotube films infiltrated with spiro-OMeTAD.…”

Section: Back-electrodes:beyond Gold and Towards Printable Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line

Abate

Correa-Baena

Saliba

et al. 2017

Chemistry A European J

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125

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Despite the fact that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have a strong potential as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to continuous efficiency improvements and the tunable properties, some important obstacles remain before industrialization is feasible. For example, the selection of low-cost or easy-to-prepare materials is essential for back-contacts and hole-transporting layers. Likewise, the choice of conductive substrates, the identification of large-scale manufacturing techniques as well as the development of appropriate aging protocols are key objectives currently under investigation by the international scientific community. This Review analyses the above aspects and highlights the critical points that currently limit the industrial production of PSCs and what strategies are emerging to make these solar cells the leaders in the photovoltaic field.

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“…Thus, lots of efforts have been paid to develop alternative ETL materials to TiO 2 , among which SnO 2 is an especially promising candidate, owing to the larger bandgap (3.8 eV) which makes the material less sensitive to UV illumination and the higher electron mobility (up to 240 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) and deeper CBM (conduction band minimum) which enhance the photogenerated carrier collection efficiency of PSCs. Fang and co‐workers reported in 2015 a low‐temperature solution‐processed SnO 2 layer as ETL of PSCs, achieving a PCE of 17.2%, and thence SnO 2 ETL attracted more and more attentions, and rapid progresses have been made in PSCs with SnO 2 ETL and recently an impressive certified record efficiency of more than 23% has been achieved by You group with nanoparticle SnO 2 as planar ETL of PSCs . However, the current successes in the SnO 2 application are still restricted to the planar SnO 2 (p‐SnO 2 ) structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells via Low‐Temperature‐Processed Mesoporous SnO₂

Wang

Peng

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on planar SnO2 (p‐SnO2) demonstrate excellent performance due to the superior properties of SnO2 as electron transporting layer (ETL). However, at present mesoporous SnO2 (m‐SnO2) still lags behind p‐SnO2 due to problems in the fabrication process of m‐SnO2. In this paper, a new strategy for preparing m‐SnO2 ETL is introduced which owns two valuable features: First, it applies a low temperature process to make mesoporous structure, which favors preserving the pristine properties of the raw SnO2 nanocrystals. Second, the degree of porosity and roughness of the m‐SnO2 layer can be well controlled, making it friendly to the following deposition process of PSCs. The performance of the PSCs based on the m‐SnO2 ETL prepared from this strategy shows an obvious improvement which is mainly from the improvement in Jsc and FF, suggesting a higher carrier collection efficiency for the m‐SnO2 ETL. The relevant characterizations including PL, TRPL, EIS, and KPFM confirm that the m‐SnO2 ETL possesses stronger electron extraction capability than the p‐SnO2 ETL. Hence, the proposed strategy can manifest the advantages of m‐SnO2 ETL meanwhile refrain its negative impacts, and thus promote the progress of the m‐SnO2 ETL‐based PSCs.

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Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells based on a Low‐Cost Carbon Cloth

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line

Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells via Low‐Temperature‐Processed Mesoporous SnO₂

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Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells based on a Low‐Cost Carbon Cloth

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line

Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells via Low‐Temperature‐Processed Mesoporous SnO2

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Product

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Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells via Low‐Temperature‐Processed Mesoporous SnO₂