Highly Efficient and Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Metal Oxides Nanoparticle Charge Extraction Layers

Abstract

In this study, the fabrication of highly efficient and durable flexible inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is reported. Presynthesized, solution-derived NiO and ZnO nanoparticles films are employed at room temperature as a hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL), respectively. The triple cation perovskite films are produced in a single step and for the sake of comparison, ultrasmooth and pinhole-free absorbing layers are also fabricated using MAPbI perovskite. The triple cation perovskite cells exhibit champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.6% with high stabilized power conversion efficiency of 17.7% on rigid glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates (comparing with 16.6% PCE with 16.1% stabilized output efficiency for the flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN)/thin film barrier/ITO substrates). More interestingly, the durability of flexible PSC under simulation of operative condition is proved. Over 85% of the maximum stabilized output efficiency is retained after 1000 h aging employing a thin MAPbI perovskite (over 90% after 500 h with a thick triple cation perovskite). This result is comparable to a similar state of the art rigid PSC and represents a breakthrough in the stability of flexible PSC using ETLs and HTLs compatible with roll to roll production speed, thanks to their room temperature processing.

Highly Efficient and Stable Semi‐Transparent p‐i‐n Planar Perovskite Solar Cells by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited ZnO

“…Fabrication Perovskite Solar Cells : A water based solution of NiO NPs was spin coated on top ITO/glass substrates to work as hole transport layer . the perovskite film was formed spin coating (5000 rpm 40 s) a perovskite solution prepared dissolving HC(NH 2 ) 2 I (FAI, 1 M), PbI 2 (1.25 M), CH 3 NH 3 Br (MABr, 0.2 M), and PbBr 2 (0.1 M) in anhydrous N,N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO (volume ratio 9:1).…”

“…The film was then annealed at 100 °C for 15 min. The PCBM layer was generated depositing via spin coating (1500 rpm, 60s) a solution of PCBM in chlorobenzene (20 mg mL −1 ) while the ZnO nanoparticles (particle size 6–8 nm) were dissolved in butanol (8 mg mL −1 ) as reported in our previous work, and spin coated at 3500 rpm for 50 s. Atmospheric pressure spatial ALD was used to deposit the ZnO buffer layer in a lab scale rotatory reactor (POP). The depositions were carried out 95 °C using diethylzinc, (DEZ) as zinc source, and H 2 O as oxygen source.…”

“…The type of device under investigation has been previously developed with an aluminium electrode . The stack consists of a NiO nanoparticles layer which serves as hole transport layer, a triple cation mixed halide perovskite film, precisely Cs 0.05 (MA,FA) 0.95 Pb(I 0.9 Br 0.1 ) 3 , PCBM and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) layers both serving as electron transport layers.…”

Numerical Study of Cu2O, SrCu2O2, and CuAlO2 as Hole‐Transport Materials for Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In the PVSCs, electron and hole‐transport materials play an important role in the extraction of photo‐generated electrons and holes from the perovskite absorber layer to contacts, respectively. In the literature, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZnO, and Fe 2 O 3 are applied as electron transport material (ETM) in the solar cell. Among them, TiO 2 is considered as a widely used material due to its low‐cost, non‐toxicity, and chemical stability …”

High‐Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Effective Interfacial Optimization Processed at Low Temperatures

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Improvements in efficiency,f lexibility,a nd manufacturing temperature have received considerable research attention. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Improvements in efficiency,f lexibility,a nd manufacturing temperature have received considerable research attention.…”