Highly efficient 154 μm emission in Zr/Yb/Er-codoped LiNbO_3 crystal

Abstract

Codoping with Zr(4+) ions enhances the 1.54 μm emission in Yb/Er:LiNbO(3) crystal by about three times. Optical damage resistant Zr(4+) ion increases the maximum phonon energy of Er:LiNbO(3) host, which is favorable for the nonradiative relaxation from (4)I(11/2) to (4)I(13/2) state (Er). The time decay spectra show that the incorporation of Zr(4+) ions leads to a shortening lifetime of (4)I(11/2) state (Er), increasing the nonradiative relaxation rate of (4)I(11/2)→(4)I(13/2) (Er) in Yb/Er:LiNbO(3). The 1.54 μm emission enhancement is important to telecommunication application.

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study of Erbium Titanium Codiffusion in Lithium Niobate

“…The SIMS profiles were fitted to (1) in order to determine the diffusion depths. They are shown in Table I as well as D(T ) at 1130°C calculated using (2). The D(T ) value for the Er single layer, 0.064 µm 2 h −1 , compares well with published value of 0.053 µm 2 h −1 [3] for similar fabrication procedures.…”

Upconversion luminescence and optical temperature-sensing properties of LiNbO3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles

“…2a) show that the green UC emissions at 535/556 nm and the red UC emission at 672 nm correspond to the 2 H 11/2 / 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions of the Er 3+ ion, respectively. 16 The UC emissions of LiNbO 3 -0 are undetected. After annealing at 1050 °C, the intensities of green and red UC emissions in LiNbO 3 -1050 are almost two orders of magnitude higher than those in LiNbO 3 -500 and LiNbO 3 -650, which may be due to two reasons.…”

Enhanced Ultraviolet Damage Resistance in Magnesium Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals through Zirconium Co-Doping

“…It has been reported that Zr 4+ ions co-dope with some transition metal elements in LN crystals [15,16], such as Fe, Mn, Cu, and Ce, which can considerably reduce the light-induced scattering as well as improve the response speed. Besides, Zr doping also improves the near infrared emission efficiency in LN:Er, LN:Yb,Er crystals [17]; meanwhile, it can also stabilize the signal output of the Ti-diffused LN waveguides under the high-power pumping without optical damage observed [18]. Meanwhile, we have reported that some additional ZrO 2 doping into LN:Mg not only can finely adjust the phase-matching temperature but also realize the room temperature noncritical phase-matching [19].…”