Highly effective contraception and acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections

Morrison, Charles; Turner, Abigail Norris; Jones, LaShawn B.

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.11.004

Cited by 85 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Change in CD4 + T cells/mm 3 1994 and 1996 found that women who used injectable hormone contraceptives had higher VL then their non-injectable hormonal contraceptive using counterparts [19]. In a longitudinal study of 156 Kenyan commercial sex workers, Sagar and colleagues found that both oral contraceptives and depot-medroxyprogesterone injections are significantly associated with increases in VL and increased risk of acquiring multiple strains of HIV-1 virus [13].…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Some hormonal contraceptives have been shown to potentially increase the risk of HIV-1 transmission through either physically changing the surface area of the vagina or through potentially increasing HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) [3][4][5]. Studies have found that depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) increased the risk of acquiring HIV by potentially changing the surface area of the vagina, while inhibiting the production of Toll-like receptor 9 and interferon-␣ by plasmacytoid dendritic cells [3,6]. Increases in the prevalence of VL in cervical secretions were found by Wang et al in a prospective study of 216 HIV-1 positive women who initiated hormonal contraception during study enrolment [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonal contraceptive use and response to antiretroviral therapy among adolescent females

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tBackground: To assess hormonal contraceptive use and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) as measured by changes in HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) and CD4 + cell counts in HIV positive female adolescents on ART. Material and Methods: This study used prospective longitudinal data from the REACH cohort to compare the response to ART in adolescent females using hormonal contraception to the response to ART in adolescent females not using hormonal contraception. Outcome measures were VL and CD4 + T cell counts assessed every 3 months. The association between hormonal contraception exposure and the response to ART was assessed using repeated measures multivariate analysis while adjusting for additional covariates. Results: The majority of participants were African American (73%). Median baseline age was 17 years . VL of ART users decreased over time in both hormonal contraception users (−0.0152 log copies/ml per day) and non-users (−0.0154 log copies/ml per day). However, the decrease was slightly lower (1.2 × 10 −3 , 95%CI: 6.2 × 10 −5 -2.4 × 10 −3 copies/ml log VL per day, p-value = 0.03) among hormonal contraceptive users. Conclusions: This study shows a significant association between hormonal contraception use and a diminished response to ART. However, the impact of hormonal contraception on HIV-1 acquisition, progression, and treatment is still not clear.

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Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal contraceptive use and response to antiretroviral therapy among adolescent females

et al. 2011

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“…Biological factors that may influence STD acquisition include age, co-infection with other sexually transmitted diseases and hormonal contraceptive use (4,5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in a group of symptomatic male patients using urine samples and PCR technique / Distribuția bolilor cu transmitere sexuală într-un grup de barbați simptomatici utilizand probe de urina si tehnica PCR

Vică

Junie

Grad

et al. 2015

Revista Romana De Medicina De Laborator

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“…There is no evidence that tubal ligation, vasectomy or copper intrauterine devices increase vulnerability to HIV-1 [18], but these methods are seldom used in Africa. Other than the condom, no contraceptive prevents HIV infection, and dual-method use to protect against pregnancy and HIV should be promoted in any setting where there is a risk of infection.…”

Section: Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Pregnancy itself may be associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition [15] and transmission [16]. In underserviced areas of Africa, HC, particularly injectables, remain the most accessible and reliable methods [17,18]. From a policy perspective, provision of HC, which prevents known hazards of unwanted pregnancy, must be balanced against theoretical risks related to HIV.…”

Section: Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Assessing Associations Between Hormonal Contraceptive use and the risks of HIV-1 Acquisition and Transmission

Wawer¹,

Gray²

2012

Future Microbiol.

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Prior observational studies produced inconsistent findings regarding hormonal contraception (HC) and risks of HIV acquisition and transmission. Heffron et al. conducted secondary data analyses on 3790 HIV discordant couples enrolled in two studies (a randomized trial of HSV-2 suppression and a study of immune correlates of HIV-1 protection) to assess HIV-1 acquisition and transmission in relation to HC use in females. HIV incidence among female HC nonusers was 3.8/100 person years (py), compared to 6.9/100 py among injectable users (p = 0.04) and 5.9/100 py in oral contraceptive users (p = 0.33). Among men, HIV incidence was 1.5/100 py in partners of HIV-positive HC nonusers, compared to 2.6/100 py in partners of injectable users (p < 0.05) and 2.5/100 py in men whose HIV-infected partners used oral contraceptives (p = 0.31). Study strengths included frequent follow up, excellent retention, known HIV exposure and viral load in the index infected partner, genetic linkage of virus from both partners and sexual behavior information. However, confounding by factors that cannot be controlled, including misreporting of condom use, is likely, given participants' high pregnancy rates. Clinicians and clients need to balance potential HC risks with the known risks of unwanted pregnancies. Condom use remains essential for HIV prevention regardless of other contraceptive usage.

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Highly effective contraception and acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections

Cited by 85 publications

References 84 publications

Hormonal contraceptive use and response to antiretroviral therapy among adolescent females

Hormonal contraceptive use and response to antiretroviral therapy among adolescent females

Distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in a group of symptomatic male patients using urine samples and PCR technique / Distribuția bolilor cu transmitere sexuală într-un grup de barbați simptomatici utilizand probe de urina si tehnica PCR

Challenges in Assessing Associations Between Hormonal Contraceptive use and the risks of HIV-1 Acquisition and Transmission

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