Highly degenerate plastomes in two hemiparasitic dwarf mistletoes: Arceuthobium chinense and A. pini (Viscaceae)

Guo, Xinfeng; Zhang, Guangfei; Fan, Linyuan; Liu, Changkun; Ji, Yunheng

doi:10.1007/s00425-021-03643-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The chloroplast genomes of hemiparasites in the family Orobanchaceae were more similar to those of autotrophs, which is in contrast to the reductions in the genome sizes of hemiparasites in the order Santalales (X. Guo, Zhang, Fan, Liu, & Ji, 2021;Y. Li et al, 2017;Shin & Lee, 2018).…”

Section: Development and Validation Of Dna Barcodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Complete chloroplast genomes of hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Ma,

López-Pujol,

Yan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cymbaria L. is a small genus nearly endemic to the Mongolian Plateau with only two hemiparasitic species. Cymbaria daurica L. is an important herb “Xinba” in traditional Mongolian medicine. However, C. daurica is often confused with its sister species Cymbaria mongolica Maxim. because they only differ in anther morphology. In addition, phylogenetic placement and reductive evolution of this genus within the Orobanchaceae remain poorly resolved. Here, we firstly sequenced two Cymbaria chloroplast genomes and then conducted a comparative analysis among those of 54 Orobanchaceae species. We found that the chloroplast genomes of Cymbaria species were characterized by pseudogenization/loss events of eight ndh genes and a unique rbcL-matK inversion. Unlike the high-variability observed in holoparasites, Cymbaria and other hemiparasites exhibited high similarity to autotrophs in genome size, GC content, and intact genes. Notely, four pairs of specific DNA barcodes (CymN1, CymN2, CymY, and CymR) were developed to distinguish the herb C. daurica from its adulterant C. mongolica. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that genus Cymbaria and the Schwalbea-Siphonostegia clade were grouped into the tribe Cymbarieae. This tribe formed an independent sister clade to the remaining parasitic lineages. Furthermore, the diversification of monophyletic Cymbaria occurred during the late Miocene (6.72 Mya) in the Mongol-Chinese steppe region. These findings provide valuable information for regarding taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Cymbaria and can be used to validate the authenticity of the herb “Xinba”.

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Section: Development and Validation Of Dna Barcodesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Complete chloroplast genomes of hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Ma,

López-Pujol,

Yan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…However, patterns of variation in hemiparasites are diverse. The chloroplast genomes of hemiparasites in the family Orobanchaceae were more similar to those of autotrophs, which contrasts with the reduction in the genome size of hemiparasites in the order Santalales (Guo et al., 2021 ; Li et al., 2017 ; Shin & Lee, 2018 ). This might be attributed in part to GC‐biased gene conversion and mutational biases, which suggest that sophisticated mechanisms contribute to the stability (Niu et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Complete chloroplast genomes of the hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Ma,

López‐Pujol,

Yan

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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The hemiparasitic tribe Cymbarieae (Orobanchaceae) plays a crucial role in elucidating the initial stage of the transition from autotrophism to heterotrophism. However, the complete chloroplast genome of the type genus Cymbaria has yet to be reported. In addition, the traditional Mongolian medicine Cymbaria daurica is frequently subjected to adulteration or substitution because of the minor morphological differences with Cymbaria mongolica. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of the two Cymbaria species were assembled and annotated, and those of other published 52 Orobanchaceae species were retrieved for comparative analyses. We found that the Cymbaria chloroplast genomes are characterized by pseudogenization or loss of stress‐relevant genes (ndh) and a unique rbcL–matK inversion. Unlike the high variability observed in holoparasites, Cymbaria and other hemiparasites exhibit high similarity to autotrophs in genome size, guanine–cytosine (GC) content, and intact genes. Notably, four pairs of specific DNA barcodes were developed and validated to distinguish the medicinal herb from its adulterants. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Cymbaria and the Schwalbea–Siphonostegia clade are grouped into the tribe Cymbarieae, which forms a sister clade to the remaining Orobanchaceae parasitic lineages. Moreover, the diversification of monophyletic Cymbaria occurred during the late Miocene (6.72 Mya) in the Mongol–Chinese steppe region. Our findings provide valuable genetic resources for studying the phylogeny of Orobanchaceae and plant parasitism, and genetic tools to validate the authenticity of the traditional Mongolian medicine “Xinba.”

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“…This suggests that, after the evolution of a hemiparasitic lifestyle, plastid infA gene was recurrently deleted or pseudogenized in Loranthaceae obligate stem-parasites. Similarly, parallel losses of plastid infA genes have been observed in Santalales [ 24 – 26 , 62 ] and a majority of holoparasitic plants [ 14 , 16 ], as well as in diverse lineages of photoautotrophic angiosperms [ 16 , 63 ]. Previous studies proposed that the plastid infA gene may have been constantly transferred to the nucleus [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of Loranthaceae plastomes provide insights into the evolutionary trajectories of plastome degradation in hemiparasitic plants

Tang,

Wang,

Hou

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background The lifestyle transition from autotrophy to heterotrophy often leads to extensive degradation of plastomes in parasitic plants, while the evolutionary trajectories of plastome degradation associated with parasitism in hemiparasitic plants remain poorly understood. In this study, phylogeny-oriented comparative analyses were conducted to investigate whether obligate Loranthaceae stem-parasites experienced higher degrees of plastome degradation than closely related facultative root-parasites and to explore the potential evolutionary events that triggered the ‘domino effect’ in plastome degradation of hemiparasitic plants. Results Through phylogeny-oriented comparative analyses, the results indicate that Loranthaceae hemiparasites have undergone varying degrees of plastome degradation as they evolved towards a heterotrophic lifestyle. Compared to closely related facultative root-parasites, all obligate stem-parasites exhibited an elevated degree plastome degradation, characterized by increased downsizing, gene loss, and pseudogenization, thereby providing empirical evidence supporting the theoretical expectation that evolution from facultative parasitism to obligate parasitism may result in a higher degree of plastome degradation in hemiparasites. Along with infra-familial divergence in Loranthaceae, several lineage-specific gene loss/pseudogenization events occurred at deep nodes, whereas further independent gene loss/pseudogenization events were observed in shallow branches. Conclusions The findings suggest that in addition to the increasing levels of nutritional reliance on host plants, cladogenesis can be considered as another pivotal evolutionary event triggering the ‘domino effect’ in plastome degradation of hemiparasitic plants. These findings provide new insights into the evolutionary trajectory of plastome degradation in hemiparasitic plants.

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Highly degenerate plastomes in two hemiparasitic dwarf mistletoes: Arceuthobium chinense and A. pini (Viscaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 97 publications

Complete chloroplast genomes of hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Complete chloroplast genomes of hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Complete chloroplast genomes of the hemiparasitic genus Cymbaria: Insights into comparative analysis, development of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships

Comparative and phylogenetic analyses of Loranthaceae plastomes provide insights into the evolutionary trajectories of plastome degradation in hemiparasitic plants

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