Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) films treated with an amphiphilic fluoro compound as the transparent electrode of polymer solar cells

Xia, Yijie; Sun, Kuan; Ouyang, Jianyong

doi:10.1039/c1ee02475b

Cited by 255 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The ratio of charged to neutral CG beads is set to 1:3 for each PEDOT and PSS chain to comply with experimental observations. 33,34 The PEDOT:PSS electrode in the CG representation employed in the present study is displayed in Figure S5 of the Supporting Information. From Supporting Information Figure S5 we observe flexible PSS chains (colored in green) winding around rigid PEDOT chains (colored in yellow) by the ionic bonds, which is consistent with experimental observations.…”

Section: Simulation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials, Thermal Annealing Sequences, and Lateral/Vertical Phase Separation of Polymer Solar Cells from Multiscale Molecular Simulations

Lee

Wodo

Ganapathysubramanian

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The nanomorphologies of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer of polymer solar cells are extremely sensitive to the electrode materials and thermal annealing conditions. In this work, the correlations of electrode materials, thermal annealing sequences, and resultant BHJ nanomorphological details of P3HT:PCBM BHJ polymer solar cell are studied by a series of large-scale, coarse-grained (CG) molecular simulations of system comprised of PEDOT:PSS/ P3HT:PCBM/Al layers. Simulations are performed for various configurations of electrode materials as well as processing temperature. The complex CG molecular data are characterized using a novel extension of our graph-based framework to quantify morphology and establish a link between morphology and processing conditions. Our analysis indicates that vertical phase segregation of P3HT:PCBM blend strongly depends on the electrode material and thermal annealing schedule. A thin P3HT-rich film is formed on the top, regardless of bottom electrode material, when the BHJ layer is exposed to the free surface during thermal annealing. In addition, preferential segregation of P3HT chains and PCBM molecules toward PEDOT:PSS and Al electrodes, respectively, is observed. Detailed morphology analysis indicated that, surprisingly, vertical phase segregation does not affect the connectivity of donor/acceptor domains with respective electrodes. However, the formation of P3HT/PCBM depletion zones next to the P3HT/PCBM-rich zones can be a potential bottleneck for electron/hole transport due to increase in transport pathway length. Analysis in terms of fraction of intraand interchain charge transports revealed that processing schedule affects the average vertical orientation of polymer chains, which may be crucial for enhanced charge transport, nongeminate recombination, and charge collection. The present study establishes a more detailed link between processing and morphology by combining multiscale molecular simulation framework with an extensive morphology feature analysis, providing a quantitative means for process optimization.

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Section: Simulation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials, Thermal Annealing Sequences, and Lateral/Vertical Phase Separation of Polymer Solar Cells from Multiscale Molecular Simulations

Lee

Wodo

Ganapathysubramanian

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Further, the high conductivity of 1053 S∕cm was observed in 4 vol. % HFA treated PEDOT:PSS film which is nearly close to the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film treated with HFA · 3H 2 O (1164 S∕cm) reported by Xia et al 33 For HFIPA treated films, the high conductivity is only 746 S∕cm obtained for 6 vol. % of HFIPA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…It is highly possible to enhance its conductivity by adding various high-boiling-point polar solvents. 33 Several methods have been applied to increase the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS films, for example, solvent additives in the PEDOT:PSS solution or thermal postdeposition treatment of the PEDOT:PSS film. [33][34][35][36][37] PEDOT:PSS solution by mixing of organic molecules, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethylene glycol (EG), etc., was performed in order to improve the conductivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Several methods have been applied to increase the conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS films, for example, solvent additives in the PEDOT:PSS solution or thermal postdeposition treatment of the PEDOT:PSS film. [33][34][35][36][37] PEDOT:PSS solution by mixing of organic molecules, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethylene glycol (EG), etc., was performed in order to improve the conductivity. 37,38 Treatment with certain salts, carboxylic acids, or inorganic acids have also significantly enhanced the conductivity of the PDEOT:PSS film.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of solvent treatment with fluoro compounds on the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) polymer as a hole transport layer in polymer solar cells

Kumar

Shin

et al. 2014

J. Photon. Energy

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Abstract. We prepared high conducting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by solvent additives for using as a hole transport layer (HTL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). PEDOT:PSS films treated with fluoro compounds of hexafluoroacetone (HFA) and hexafluoroisoproponal (HFIPA) with various concentrations show a significant enhancement in electrical conductivity without compromising optical transparency. The conductivity increased from 0.2 to 1053 and 746 S∕cm after 4 vol. % HFA and 6 vol. % HFIPA treatments, respectively. The high performance of the PEDOT:PSS layer is attributed to preferential phase segregation of PEDOT:PSS with HFA and HFIPA solvent mixture treatment methods. The improved performance of PSC was dependent on the structure of organic solvents and the concentration of fluoro compounds in PEDOT:PSS solution. Using these optimized layers, conjugated PSCs with a poly[[9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5 thiophenediyl] polymer:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl esters (PCDTBT∶PC 71 BM) bulk heterojunction have been produced. The high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.10% and 3.98% were observed for PEDOT:PSS films treated with 4 vol. % HFA and 6 vol. % HFIPA treatments, respectively. The obtained results show that PEDOT:PSS optimized with HFA and HFIPA organic solvents can be a very promising candidate for transparent anode buffer layer in the low cost organic solar cell devices. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…The decreased Rsq measured for the multilayer Figure 6a shows the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of single layer and multilayer PEDOT:PSS films. The XPS signal peaks between 162 and 166 eV correspond to the sulfur atom of PEDOT [32][33][34]. The signal near 169 eV corresponds to the sulfur atom of PSS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of High Quality PEDOT:PSS Film by Multilayer-Processing and Acid Treatment

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this study, we have investigated the performance of multilayer films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) treated with one of the perfluorinated carboxylic acids, named trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). According to the increased density of the PEDOT chain under unit area conditions, the sheet resistance (R sq ) has improved from 300 to 65 Ω/sq through additional processing of PEDOT:PSS from single layer to multilayer. After the further treatment with TFA, however, the R sq of the multilayer PEDOT:PSS was enhanced to 45 Ω/sq, leading to the decline of film thickness from 400 to 270 nm. Both conductivity and work function based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results have built a breakthrough by double-processing because of the higher density of conductive PEDOT chains and the increase of 0.4 eV alternatives to typical indium tin oxide substrate, respectively. This improvement is contributed to the development of more effective transparent electrodes.

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Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) films treated with an amphiphilic fluoro compound as the transparent electrode of polymer solar cells

Cited by 255 publications

References 54 publications

Electrode Materials, Thermal Annealing Sequences, and Lateral/Vertical Phase Separation of Polymer Solar Cells from Multiscale Molecular Simulations

Electrode Materials, Thermal Annealing Sequences, and Lateral/Vertical Phase Separation of Polymer Solar Cells from Multiscale Molecular Simulations

Influence of solvent treatment with fluoro compounds on the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) polymer as a hole transport layer in polymer solar cells

The Investigation of High Quality PEDOT:PSS Film by Multilayer-Processing and Acid Treatment

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