Highly conductive liquid metal electrode based stretchable piezoelectric-enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting irregular mechanical energy

Sun

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

et al. 2023

The rapid development of E-Skin has attracted researchers’ attention to portable wearable devices. However, it is a great challenge to achieve high-output performance and high-environmental protection simultaneously. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has excellent electron-withdrawing ability and biodegradability, but its stretching ability is poor, which limits its application in portable wearable devices. In this paper, the biocompatible poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) was innovatively selected to modify the properties of the PHB electrospun membranes, and PHB/PLCL composite membranes with different contents of PLCL were constructed. Then, the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes and PHB/PLCL electrospun membranes were used as the friction layers to construct a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With the increase of PLCL contents, the elastic recovery rate of the composite membranes increased to 68% of tension at 40% strain. The toughness of the composite membrane was increased by 546%, which exhibits ultratoughness and stretchable properties. Based on the ultratoughness and high elasticity electrospun membranes with 50% PLCL, a stretchable and large deformation sensing device was made. The PHB/PLCL-ePTFE TENG could distinguish pingpong and badminton accurately, as well as their various postures such as forehand, backhand, smash poses, etc., which provided a new idea for large deformation monitoring of TENGs.

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Construction of Stretchable and Large Deformation Green Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Application in Technical Action Monitoring of Racket Sports

Sun

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

et al. 2023

“…PENG-TENG has been used for a variety of energy collection, such as rotation energy, [202] ambient energy, [203] water wave energy, [204] and mechanical energy. [205] To improve the performance of piezoelectric/triboelectric nanogenerators, scholars have made [190] Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. b) Charge distribution at CP-state, CR-state, and SR-state for three typical configurations.…”

Section: Hybrid Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PENG–TENG has been used for a variety of energy collection, such as rotation energy, [ 202 ] ambient energy, [ 203 ] water wave energy, [ 204 ] and mechanical energy. [ 205 ] To improve the performance of piezoelectric/triboelectric nanogenerators, scholars have made many attempts. On the one hand, they have improved the material system: doping piezoelectric ceramic particles, CNTs, etc.…”

Section: System Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Triboelectric Nanogenerator to Multifunctional Triboelectric Sensors: A Chemical Perspective toward the Interface Optimization and Device Integration

Xiang

Huang

et al. 2022

Small

Figure 2. a) Scheme of interface modified liquid doping PDMS composite. Reproduced with permission. [59] Copyright 2020, Elsevier. b) Schematic illustration for preparing the controllable micro-patterned DN-PDMS film and Device structure of the micro-patterned DN-PDMS TENG. Reproduced with permission. [82] Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. c) Schematic diagram of NB treatment process and TENG, and triboelectric performance of the NB-treated TENG. Reproduced with permission. [4] Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. d) Scheme of functional high permittivity liquid doping PDMS composite and fabrication of high permittivity liquid doping PDMS composite and fluorine functionalization. Reproduced with permission. [86]

“…EGaIn is selected due to its nontoxicity, [ 23 ] metallic conductivity, [ 24 ] low viscosity, [ 25 ] and ability to react with other metals such as silver. This liquid alloy has also been previously used on its own as an electrode for DEAs, as shown in previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Biphasic Ag–EGaIn Electrodes

2021

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are popular in soft robotics, [1,2] millirobotics, [3] microfluidics, [4] and haptics [5] due to their low current consumption, [6] high actuation strains, [7] fast response times, [8] and intrinsically high mechanical compliance that arises from their soft material architecture.DEAs are based on a relatively simple capacitor-like stacked multilayer structure in which a dielectric elastomer film is coated with thin layers of soft conductive material. [6] The compliance, material integrity, and conductivity of these surface electrodes strongly influence the performance of DEAs. In particular, these electrodes should be highly stretchable and have a low stiffness to minimize mechanical resistance to elastic deformation and work output induced by electromechanical coupling. Carbon grease (CG) is commonly used as an electrode material because it is soft, stretchable, and can be easily deposited as a thin coating. CG is a paste-like mixture of carbon black (CB) particles and silicon oil that does not dry out and has minimal resistance to high strain actuation. However, because it is a fluid, CG electrodes can be difficult to pattern with high resolution, and they easily smear and create smudge marks on contacting objects during actuation, rendering the DEA unusable. [9] Studies reported in the literature also suggest that the oil in the grease may penetrate the dielectric membrane, leading to premature electrical breakdown. [10] CB powder can be deposited directly on the dielectric film and can be used on its own as the electrode. However, in the absence of a binder medium or carrier fluid, the carbon powder can redistribute over the course of repeated actuation cycles, resulting in regions with insufficient conductivity to transfer charge or induce electromechanical coupling, resulting in lower strains. [9] As with CG, CB electrodes are also susceptible to smearing. To address this, soft elastomers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are often used as a binder medium to disperse CB. [11] However, these particle-filled conductive elastomers suffer from unstable electromechanical properties over time, [12,13] i.e., they become less conductive and require a long time to recover the original conductivity. In addition, their stiffness contributes to greater resistance to actuation and mechanical work output. [11] Metallic thin films have also been proposed as a solution for the creation of DEA electrodes. [14] Although metallic films are highly conductive and do not smear, they are too stiff, having a negative impact on the actuation performance of the actuator. Also, ionically conductive hydrogels enabled the creation of fully transparent compliant electrodes, [15,16] yet, at such high voltages (kV), electrolysis occurs. [17] Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were presented as an alternative for fabricating ultrathin, highly conductive DEA electrodes that add no stiffness to the dielectric and can easily be integrated with multilayer actuators. [3,18,19] Yet, the early onset of diele...