Highly Conductive, Flexible, and Robust Silver Nanowire-Embedded Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(Styrenesulfonate) Composite Films for Wearable Heaters and On-Skin Sensors

Towards biodegradable conducting polymers by incorporating seaweed cellulose for decomposable wearable heaters

“…Furthermore, Fig. 6e compares the Joule heating performance of various PEDOT:PSS-based electrical heaters with silver nanowires (AgNWs), 5,52–65 metals, 51,66 carbon based 67–69 and additives. 6,36,70–75 Among these, AgNWs are the most commonly combined with PEDOT:PSS to form composite for wearable heaters.…”

“…This is due to their high electrical and thermal conductivities, which enable efficient heat generation. 53,54 However, these nanomaterials are prone to oxidation because of their high surface-to-volume ratio, not to mention the high raw material costs. 53 PEDOT:PSS composites that incorporate metals or carbon based materials typically require a substrate.…”

Printed Silver Nanowire-PEDOT:PSS Composite Electrodes for Flexible Transparent Microsupercapacitor Applications

“…The fabrication process of these composite electrodes generally involves electro/in situ polymerization and multilayering steps, which are complex and time intensive. − The higher redox potential of conducting polymers, when compared to Ag, complicates their direct electro-polymerization. One solution is to introduce a thin layer of metal, with a higher redox potential, over the Ag NWs to improve their electrochemical compatibility for direct polymerization.…”

“…These composite films are generally attained via techniques such as spin coating and spray coating. − For example, a transparent and stretchable conducting composite film was fabricated by step-by-step spin coating of natural rubber, Ag NWs, and PEDOT:PSS . Another study uses a composite of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/PEDOT:PSS solution, which is poured over spin-coated Ag NW film . These coatings are then peeled off from the substrate, resulting in a free-standing flexible conductive film, which was used in applications such as multifunctional healthcare monitoring, wearable heater, and on-skin sensors.…”

“…34 Another study uses a composite of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/PEDOT:PSS solution, which is poured over spincoated Ag NW film. 35 These coatings are then peeled off from the substrate, resulting in a free-standing flexible conductive film, which was used in applications such as multifunctional healthcare monitoring, wearable heater, and on-skin sensors. The conducting polymers are also coated over a prepatterned Ag electrode to achieve high transparency in conducting films.…”