Highly charged p(4-vinylpyridine-co-vinylimidazole) particles for versatile applications: Biomedical, catalysis and environmental

Şahiner, Nurettin; Özay, Özgür

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.03.003

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…To prevent deactivation via the undesired aggregation during catalysis, metal NPs are generally stabilized with functional macromolecules, such as homopolymers (79), block copolymers (80), star block copolymers (81,82), core-shell polymers (83-87), dendrimers (88), and microgels (20,48,51,(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106). Among them, microgels have the following advantages: (1) multiple void spaces within the network structure provide a high loading capacity as templates for metal NPs, (2) cross-linking density (for void spaces) and functional groups (for the stabilization of metal NPs) can be conveniently tailor-made for metals via polymerization, (3) stimuli-responsive properties (eg, temperature, pH, and ionic strength) can be incorporated into microgels for unique functions.…”

Section: Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimuli-responsive microgels (MT5, MT7: temperature, MT6: pH) were synthesized by emulsion polymerization (MT5: surfactant free, MT6: with SDS surfactant) or precipitation polymerization (MT7) (97)(98)(99). DMAA-or MMA-based microgels (MT8-MT13) were, in turn, obtained from solution polymerization with AIBN in organic media under diluted conditions ([monomer] = 5-10 wt%) (100)(101)(102)(103)(104).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticle Bearing Microgel Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model reaction is accessible to investigate kinetics (6) because the conversion of 4-NP can easily be determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. MT1, MT4-MT7 efficiently reduced 4-NP in water (20,92,93,(95)(96)(97)(98)(99). Since an apparent reaction rate (k app ) was proportional to the surface area (S) of metal NPs and independent of NaBH 4 , the catalytic activity was estimated with the rate constant normalized by S (k 1 = k app /S).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticle Bearing Microgel Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Microgels for Catalysis

Terashima¹

2013

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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A polymer microgel is an intramolecularly cross-linked and discrete macromolecule, with the size ranging from nanometer to micrometer, to be fully dispersed, swollen, and soluble in various solvents (1-3), critically distinct from an insoluble macroscopic gel. The inner network structure of microgels provides multiple cavities with high loading capacity for various reagents. Focused on these features, microgels are so far employed for various applications, for example, as nanoreactors for catalysis, as nanocapsules (nanocarriers) for dye encapsulation, drug and gene delivery system, and as imaging agents (4-13).In this paper, recent advances in polymer-based microgels applicable to catalysis are comprehensively reviewed, especially focusing on the smart design of catalyst-embedded microgels and the unique catalytic performance.The study of these microgels began with the first report by Williams and co-workers in 1979 (14). They designed water-soluble microgels containing hydroxamic acid as a catalytic site by emulsion polymerization and discovered the excellent activity for the cleavage of 4-nitrophenylester. After the first example, several organic catalysts, such as acid (15,16), quaternary ammonium (17), and mercapto group (18), were incorporated into microgels. In the 2000s, polymer microgels with precisely controlled three-dimensional architectures have been combined with various catalyst species: metal complexes (19), metal nanoparticles (20), organocatalysts (21), and enzymes (22). The movement is attributed to the recent advances in living polymerization systems (23-28) that are quite effective to control primary structures of polymeric materials (3,10-13).Typical objectives for the encapsulation of catalysts into microgels are to improve the stability and the recyclability, with high activity and selectivity comparable to nonsupported (original) counterparts. The compatible performance originates from one of the inherent properties of microgels, that is of being "solubilized and/or dispersed" gels. Generally, insoluble gel-supported catalysts, typically based on silica and polystyrene gels, are useful for convenient catalyst recycle and product recovery (29), whereas they often result in low activity owing to the less accessibility of substrates to catalysts by the small surface area. In turn, soluble (non-cross-linked) polymer-supported catalysts often suffer catalyst leaching from the scaffolds to products during reactions, to spoil product recovery and catalyst recycle, though they perform activity comparable to nonsupported (original) counterparts for first cycle (30). In contrast, soluble (or dispersed) microgels solidly enclose catalysts in the cross-linked networks, similar to

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Section: Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticle Bearing Microgel Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticle Bearing Microgel Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer Microgels for Catalysis

Terashima¹

2013

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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“…Furthermore, the chain length of the halide compound can be changed to adjust the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the polymeric structure (Sahiner and Ozay, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Orange II from Aqueous Solutions Using N-Vinyl Imidazole-based Hydrogels as Adsorbents

Erdem

Dikişler

Erdem

2016

Chemical Engineering Communications

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Poly (N-vinyl imidazole) hydrogel (p-VIm) and its partially quaternized analogue (pVIm-Ar) were prepared and used for the removal of Orange II (OII). A Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive Xray spectrometer attached, thermogravimetric analyzer, zeta potential analyzer and drop shape analyzer were used for the characterization of the hydrogels. The influence of some experimental parameters, such as pH of the OII solution, contact time and initial OII concentration on the adsorption process, was examined, and the obtained data were used to calculate the isotherm and kinetic parameters. Adsorption processes of OII onto adsorbents were coherent with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The quaternized analogue exhibited remarkable adsorption performance in the pH range of 2-12, while the effective adsorption with p-VIm occurred only at pH 2.0.The maximum adsorption capacity values of adsorbents were determined as 2331 (for pVIm) and 1327 mg g −1 (for p-VIm-Ar) at pH 2.0 and 132 (for p-VIm) and 1357 mg g −1 (for p-VIm-Ar) at pH 6.0.

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“…Moreover, 4‐VP can be chemically modified to prepare a charged particle with tunable alkyl chain length and structure by the reaction with various quarternization agents because of the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atoms on the pyridine ring . Additionally, these nitrogen atoms have great chelating tendency for metal ions such as Cu, Ni, and Co . Therefore, p(4‐VP) and p(4‐VP)‐based materials can be used in many fields, such as actuators, chromophore forming, bactericidal materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres based on atom transfer radical polymerization

Zhu

You

Wei

et al. 2015

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this study, we prepared pH-sensitive hydrogel microspheres by means of atom transfer radical polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 4-vinylpyridine in inverse emulsion, using poly(ethylene glycol) dimethylacrylate as a crosslinker. One-factor experiment was used to optimize conditions of preparing microspheres and the resulting conditions were presented. The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and so forth. The swelling behavior of the as-prepared microspheres was studied by a classic gravimetric method. Afterward, daidzein was used as a model drug and related release mechanism was investigated. The diffusional coefficients and the corresponding kinetic parameters of chosen mathematical models for fitting drug release were calculated, which indicated drug release accorded with anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion mechanism.

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Highly charged p(4-vinylpyridine-co-vinylimidazole) particles for versatile applications: Biomedical, catalysis and environmental

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Polymer Microgels for Catalysis

Polymer Microgels for Catalysis

Removal of Orange II from Aqueous Solutions Using N-Vinyl Imidazole-based Hydrogels as Adsorbents

Preparation and characterization of pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres based on atom transfer radical polymerization

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