Highly active Cao catalysts from waste shells of egg, oyster and clam for biodiesel production

Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis: State of the Art and Challenges for a More Sustainable World

“…[58] An interesting review by Crestini and co-workers [59] deals with the oxidative functionalizationa nd upgrading of lignin based on organometallic catalysts (MTO, salen, POMs), biomimetic catalysts (porphyrins)a nd enzymatic catalysts (laccase, peroxidase). One such resource is biomass,i np articular sugars, for example, from sugar cane, and lignocellulosic biomass from wood (lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose fractions), which has been studied extensively in the last two or three decades towards the production of high added value products.B iodiesel synthesis by esterification of bio derivatives and utilization of glycerol, its major byproduct, are also important topics, already widelys tudied worldwide and discussed in Section 2.2.…”

“…Interestingly, biodiesel could be produced from waste shells of eggs, oysters and clams with basic catalysts such as CaO. [58] An interesting review by Crestini and co-workers [59] deals with the oxidative functionalizationa nd upgrading of lignin based on organometallic catalysts (MTO, salen, POMs), biomimetic catalysts (porphyrins)a nd enzymatic catalysts (laccase, peroxidase). P, S + Zn and Ti modified H-MFI was found [60] to be useful in the utilization of renewable lignocellulose biomass.S uch catalysts have anticoking ability,w hich avoids hindrance of refined bio-oil production.I nar ecent study [61] super adsorbent polymers (SAPs)i nd isposable baby diapers waste (DBDW) were calcined at 500 8Cand used as catalyst for synthesizingglycerol carbonate by the transesterification of glycerolw ith dimethyl carbonate with 95.6 %c onversion,aGC yield of 93.6 %a nd high reusability.…”

Characterization of Seashell Waste through Calcination Process

“…Oleh karena itu, untuk mendapatkan katalis CaO yang baik dari cangkang kerang suhu kalsinasi yang digunakan harus di atas 800 ℃ dengan waktu 2-4 jam [8]. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukan bahwa terjadi peningkatan luas permukaan CaO dan meningkatkan aktivitas katalitik yang dikalsinasi pada 900 ℃ selama 4 jam memiliki kekuatan sebagai energi aktivasi desorpsi CO2 sekitar 22%-45% [9]. Penelitian terkait menyimpulkan bahwa pada kalsinasi 1000 ℃ selama 3 jam, cangkang kerang dapat digunakan kembali dalam produksi biodiesel sebagai katalis [10].…”

“…Cangkang kerang terlebih dahulu dipilah-pilih yang bentuknya masih utuh dan berukuran besar kemudian dibersihkan dengan menggunakan air bersih kemudian dijemur di bawah sinar matahari. Cangkang kerang kemudian dibersihkan lagi dengan menggunakan NaOH 10% dan aquades untuk menghilangkan kotoran-kotoran yang masih menempel pada cangkang kerang [9]. Cangkang yang telah bersih kemudian dijemur lagi di bawah sinar matahari sampai kering.…”

Seashell waste-derived materials for secondary catalytic tar reduction in municipal solid waste gasification

“…In addition to the aforementioned materials, calcined waste shells for tar craking purposes have been gaining attention. Thanks to their high calcium content they have been used in processes such biodiesel production [26,27,28,29,30,31,32], photocatalytic removal of dyes from water [33], and CO 2 capture in gasification and combustion processes [34,35,36,37].…”