Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Depletes Some Antioxidant Parameters and Increases Free Radical Generation in Drosophila melanogaster

Iorjiim, Walter Mdekera; Omale, Simeon; Bagu, Great David; Gyang, Steven Samuel; Alemika, Taiwo E.; Etuh, Monday Alexander

doi:10.9734/jamps/2020/v22i230158

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We observed significant (P <0.05) positive correlation [ r: 0.91 -0.98] among total thiols (P = 0.01), GST (P = 0.02), SOD (P = 0.003) or CAT (P = 0.003) and fly emergence (Table 1). Furthermore, our work agrees with earlier reports that HAART regimens induce oxidative stress or reproductive decline in humans [44,45,46], rodents [1,9], and D. melanogaster [47].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Reproductive and Oxidative Stress Toxicity of Dolutegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Drosophila melanogaster

Iorjiim

Omale

Bagu

et al. 2020

JAMPS

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Background/Objective: Dolutegravir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (DTG-HAART) is the preferred regimen in the management of HIV/AIDS. However, the reproductive and oxidative stress toxicity of DTG-HAART is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the reproductive and oxidative stress toxicity of DTG-HAART in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: We performed all the experiments at the Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in 2019. D. melanogaster, (1-4 days old), were fed with ten different concentrations of DTG-HAART (range 15 mg -595 mg) or 1000 mL distilled water per 10 g food for seven days to calculate the LD50, then treated with 93.11 mg, 46.56 mg, 23.28 mg, 11.64 mg or 1000 µL distilled water each per 10 g fly food for five days in five replicates. Subsequently, longevity, fly fecundity, and negative geotaxis evaluated. Also, activities of Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, as well as Total thiol, and Malondialdehyde levels were investigated in the whole fly homogenate. Statistical values at P<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The LD50 of DTG-HAART in D. melanogaster was 106.4 mg. The result showed significantly decrease (P<0.001) in mean lifespan, fly emergence, Total thiol content, Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase activities in the exposed groups compared to the unexposed. Inversely, the Malondialdehyde level in the test groups was significantly (P<0.001) elevated compared to unexposed. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that DTG-HAART toxicity was associated with reproductive deficits and oxidative stress induction in D. melanogaster, here observed as reduced fly fecundity, mean lifespan, AChE activity, antioxidant parameters, and elevated MDA level. This study, thus, raised concerns for long term use of DTG-HAART by HIV patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our result showed a hundredfold increase in MDA levels after five days of fly exposure to DTG-HAART ( Fig. 7A & B), similar to earlier D. melanogaster exposure to Efavirenzbased HAART [47]. Our result also agreed with a previous report [50] that rats exposed to Tenofovir (a component of the HAART in our study) caused marked MDA elevation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Reproductive and Oxidative Stress Toxicity of Dolutegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Drosophila melanogaster

Iorjiim

Omale

Bagu

et al. 2020

JAMPS

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“…However, an increased level of the total thiol in the diabetic untreated group compared with the normoglycemic flies was observed ( Figure 6). The decreased total thiol level in the treated group signifies antioxidant activities of PO [43]. There was also no statistical (P>0.05) difference observed in the acetylcholinesterase activity of all the groups (Figure 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fruiting Body of Pleurotus Ostreatus Reduces Serum Glucose and Modifies Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic: Drosophila Melanogaster (Fruit-Fly)

Omale¹,

Aguiyi²,

Bukar³

et al. 2020

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Mushrooms, which possess medicinal properties, are also considered a good source of food and basic nutrients. Diabetic patients now use edible mushrooms as a source of low-calorie food. Mushrooms are used to treat and prevent diseases such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, hyperacidity, cancer, hypertension and also act as immune modulators. In this study, the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) in sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. The fresh fruiting body of PO was obtained from the mushroom farm of the Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD) and dried with the aid of the ASPRE dryer. The aqueous extract of the dried powder was used for the anti-diabetic and survival assay. The fly homogenate was evaluated for circulating glucose, total thiol, acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. PO was observed to prolong D. melanogaster's survival time as more flies (> 50%) survived on the extract compared to control (47%), after 28 days. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the circulating glucose of the treated flies compared with those that were untreated; while no statistical (P > 0.05) difference was observed between the metformin and PO treated groups. In the antioxidant study, an insignificant (P > 0.05) difference between the untreated and treated groups was observed. Catalase activity showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference between the diabetic untreated and PO treated groups. We conclude that the fruiting body of P. ostreatus possessed potent hypoglycemic activities in D. melanogaster induced type-2 diabetes, possibly linked to its antioxidant property.

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“…The SOD activity was investigated using the method described by Iorjiim et al [22]. A 1:5 dilution of 200 µL of whole fly homogenate in 800 µL of distilled water was freshly prepared.…”

Section: Superoxide Dismutase (Sod) Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, oxidative stress occurs when the rate of RONS production supersedes the natural antioxidant mechanisms of the body [21]. Oxidative stress is implicated in human diseases (e.g., Diabetes mellitus) [21] or xenobiotic exposures (e.g., highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) drugs) [22]. In diabetes mellitus, the state of enhanced glycolysis promotes pyruvate generation and increased mitochondrial membrane potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Promotes Antioxidant, Survival, Fecundity, and Locomotor Activities in Drosophila melanogaster

Iorjiim

Omale

Bagu

et al. 2020

EJMP

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Aim: The study was designed to investigate antioxidant, survivability, fecundity, and locomotor activity of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Africa Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in August 2019 - March 2020. In the first place, in vitro analysis of the antioxidant activity of extracts of M. oleifera in various solvents (Aqueous, Methanol-Aqueous co-solvent (80 % v/v) and n-Hexane) were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl) assay. Based on the in vitro result, the methanol extract with the best free radical scavenging activity was used in graded doses for conducting the in vivo studies, and the observations were recorded. Distilled water (1000 µL) was used alone in 10 g fly food (as negative control) or as a solvent to dissolve MOL extract or ascorbic acid (positive control) separately before mixing with the fly food. Statistical significance was taken at P<0.05 Results: The methanol extract of M. oleifera leaf (MEMOL) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher free radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 60 µg/ml) compared with the aqueous (IC50 = 100 µg/ml) and n-hexane (IC50 = 250 µg/ml) extracts respectively. The median lethal dose (LD50) of MEMOL was >2000 mg. Supplementation with MEMOL non-significantly (P>0.05) improved movement, significantly (P<0.05) increased survivability, fecundity, and total thiol level. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) significantly (P<0.05) increased. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity non-significantly (P>0.05) decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with controls, respectively. Conclusion: In vitro study suggested better antioxidant activity of MEMOL. In vivo study also revealed that MEMOL was relatively safe in D. melanogaster, supported by high LD50, increased survivability, fecundity, locomotor ability, antioxidant enzyme activities, total thiol level, along with a concomitant decrease in MDA content.

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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Depletes Some Antioxidant Parameters and Increases Free Radical Generation in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Reproductive and Oxidative Stress Toxicity of Dolutegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Drosophila melanogaster

Reproductive and Oxidative Stress Toxicity of Dolutegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Drosophila melanogaster

Fruiting Body of Pleurotus Ostreatus Reduces Serum Glucose and Modifies Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic: Drosophila Melanogaster (Fruit-Fly)

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Promotes Antioxidant, Survival, Fecundity, and Locomotor Activities in Drosophila melanogaster

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