Highlighting Uncertainty and Recommendations for Improvement of Black Carbon Biomass Fuel-Based Emission Inventories in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Region

Soneja, Sutyajeet; Tielsch, James M.; Khatry, Subarna K.; Curriero, Frank C.; Breysse, Patrick N.

doi:10.1007/s40572-016-0075-2

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Climate impacts of short-lived climate pollutants are uncertain due to limited data on black carbon to organic carbon emission ratios from different stove types and fuels and their influence on the climate (e.g. Anenberg et al 2013, Bond et al 2013, Soneja et al 2016, Wang et al 2016. Impact of price shocks on fuels in urban areas and/or any behavioral changes required with new technology adoption were beyond our scope, though are important considerations for any intervention program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution-related health and climate benefits of clean cookstove programs in Mozambique

Anenberg

Henze

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Approximately 95% of households in Mozambique burn solid fuels for cooking, contributing to elevated indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations and subsequent health and climate impacts. Little is known about the potential health and climate benefits of various approaches for expanding the use of cleaner stoves and fuels in Mozambique. We use state-of-thescience methods to provide a first-order estimation of potential air pollution-related health and climate benefits of four illustrative scenarios in which traditional cooking fires and stoves are displaced by cleaner and more efficient technologies. For rural areas, we find that a 10% increase in the number of households using forced draft wood-burning stoves could achieve >2.5 times more health benefits from reduced PM 2.5 exposure (200 avoided premature deaths and 14 000 avoided disability adjusted life years, DALYs, over a three-year project lifetime) compared to natural draft stoves in the same households, assuming 70% of households use the new technology for both cases. Expanding use of LPG stoves to 10% of households in five major cities is estimated to avoid 160 premature deaths and 11 000 DALYs from reduced PM 2.5 exposure for a three-year intervention, assuming 60% of households use the new stove. Advanced charcoal stoves would achieve ∽80% of the PM 2.5 -related health benefits of LPG stoves. Approximately 2%-5% additional health benefits would result from reduced ambient PM 2.5 , depending on the scenario. Although climate impacts are uncertain, we estimate that all scenarios would reduce expected climate change-related temperature increases from continued solid fuel use by 4%-6% over the next century. All results are based on an assumed adjustment factor of 0.8 to convert from laboratory-based emission reduction measurements to exposure reductions, which could be optimistic in reality given potential for continued use of the traditional stove. We conclude that cleaner cooking stoves in Mozambique can achieve health and climate benefits, though both are uncertain and local information about baseline and intervention PM 2.5 exposure levels are needed. a Derived from percentage PM 2.5 emissions reduced (per HH) multiplied by the 0.8 adjustment factor to convert to exposure reduction. b Assumed maintenance cost only for RND and RFD (fuel collected and not purchased), and for UMC scenarios (fuel use savings).Environ. Res. Lett. 12 (2017) 025006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution-related health and climate benefits of clean cookstove programs in Mozambique

Anenberg

Henze

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…Indo Gangetic plains are the most fertile land that includes around 255 million ha across four countries India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (Soneja et al, 2016). Nepal is facing labour problems in the agricultural field due to the increasing number of youth migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero till in wheat from the gender perspective in Nepal

Sapkota

Shrestha

Adhikari

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Nat. Res.

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Different tillage practices such as zero-till direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR), zero-till maize (ZTM), and zero-till wheat (ZTW) were implemented in the farmer's field of Sunsari district were evaluated. However, the focus was on ZTW because of high its competitiveness with cheaper wheat from abroad. Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Famers households keeping records, field monitoring, key informant interviews were the primary source of data whereas literature and desktop review were done for secondary data. Zero till wheat operation scale out of the machine use had been increased, by 61.25% out of 109.63ha land in Bhokraha and 66.49 % out of 55.3ha of land in Kaptangunj. Whereas, a new node Chitaha was established with the initiation of non-respondent farmer's where the area occupied 26ha in the year of 2019 respectively as compared to the base year that of 2014. Yield advantage was not much higher with ZTW, the additional benefit of almost 34% over conventional till wheat (CTW) was sufficient enough for the farmers to decide to adopt zero tillage technology. Farmers perceived about 17% saving in seed requirement, 13% saving in irrigation amount and time, and 44% saving in total labor cost with ZTW to make it more profitable as compared to CTW. Among different methods of extension, farmers’ field day with 63% and field trial with 48% with women's participation shows the most effective method to create awareness. Although the percentage of the working hour for the female worker is higher the number of the total hour has been decreased for both the man and women and the total 303.64hr/ha has been saved.

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Characterizing Particulate Matter Exfiltration Estimates for Alternative Cookstoves in a Village-Like Household in Rural Nepal

Soneja

Tielsch

Khatry³

et al. 2017

Environmental Management

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Alternative stoves are an intervention option to reduce household air pollution. The amount of air pollution exiting homes when alternative stoves are utilized is not known. In this paper, particulate matter exfiltration estimates are presented for four types of alternative stoves within a village-like home, which was built to reflect the use of local materials and common size, in rural Nepal. Four alternative stoves with chimneys were examined, which included an alternative mud brick stove, original Envirofit G3355 model, manufacture altered Envirofit G3355, and locally altered Envirofit G3355. Multiple linear regression was utilized to determine estimates of PM2.5 exfiltration. Overall exfiltration fraction average (converted to a percent) for the four stoves were: alternative mud brick stove with chimney 56%, original Envirofit G3355 model with chimney 87%, manufacture altered Envirofit G3355 model with chimney 69%, and locally altered Envirofit G3355 model with chimney 69%. Alternative cookstoves resulted in higher overall average exfiltration due to direct and indirect ventilation relative to traditional, mud-based stoves. This contrast emphasizes the need for an improved understanding of the climate and health implications that are believed to come from implementing alternative stoves on a large scale and the resultant shift of exposure burden from indoors to outdoors.

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Highlighting Uncertainty and Recommendations for Improvement of Black Carbon Biomass Fuel-Based Emission Inventories in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Region

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Air pollution-related health and climate benefits of clean cookstove programs in Mozambique

Air pollution-related health and climate benefits of clean cookstove programs in Mozambique

Zero till in wheat from the gender perspective in Nepal

Characterizing Particulate Matter Exfiltration Estimates for Alternative Cookstoves in a Village-Like Household in Rural Nepal

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