Higher whole-blood selenium is associated with improved immune responses in footrot-affected sheep

Hall, Jean A.; Sendek, Rachel L; Chinn, Rachel M.; Bailey, Daniel; Thonstad, K.N.; Wang, Yongqiang; Forsberg, Neil E.; Vorachek, William R.; Stang, Bernadette V.; Saun, Robert J. Van; Bobe, Gerd

doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-99

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…All sheep were bled at the end of the 15-month treatment period [7]. The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Oregon State University Animal Care and Use Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported that sheep affected with FR have lower whole blood selenium (Se) concentrations and that Se supplementation in conjunction with routine control practices accelerates recovery from FR [7]. Foot rot is caused by infection with the bacterium Dichelobacter nodosus , an anaerobic bacterium, in association with other bacteria, particularly Fusobacterium necrophorum (reviewed in [7]). The role of the immune system in the etiology of FR is not well understood, and our goal is to understand the mechanism(s) by which Se may facilitate recovery from FR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that Se deficiency inhibits neutrophil functions [8]. In the previously reported study, sheep affected with FR were injected monthly for 15 months with either Se or saline, whereas healthy sheep received no treatment [7]. Before assessing the relative abundance of mRNA for genes associated with neutrophil functions, neutrophil reference genes in healthy and FR-diseased sheep, with and without Se supplementation, are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative PCR Studies in Sheep Neutrophils

Vorachek

Hugejiletu

Bobe

et al. 2013

IJMS

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Reference genes are essential for studying mRNA expression with quantitative PCR (qPCR). We investigated 11 potential neutrophil reference genes (RPL19, GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, HPRT, G6PD, TFRC, PGK1, YWHAZ, SDHA and GYPC) for sheep under disease conditions of foot rot (FR) and with or without Se supplementation. Initial screening was based on gene expression level (<28 Cq cycles) and variability (SD < 1.5 Cq cycles) and excluded TFRC, GYPC and HPRT from further analysis. Expression stability of the remaining genes was evaluated using four software programs: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and the comparative delta Cq method. The neutrophil reference genes, G6PD, YWHAZ, GAPDH, RPL19 and SDHA, consistently ranked among the top five most stable genes under these experimental conditions. The SDHA gene expression was not stable in FR-diseased sheep receiving Se treatment and, thus, cannot be recommended as a reference gene. The commonly used genes, PGK1, ACTB and B2M, were not reliable reference genes, underscoring the need to validate neutrophil reference genes under different experimental conditions. Multiple references genes rather than a single gene may provide more robust and reliable results. The best pair of reference genes was SDHA/G6PD in healthy sheep and GADPH/YWHAZ in FR-diseased sheep.

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“…All sheep were bled at the end of the 15-month treatment period [7]. The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Oregon State University Animal Care and Use Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative PCR Studies in Sheep Neutrophils

Vorachek

Hugejiletu

Bobe

et al. 2013

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…Strategies include parenteral antibiotic treatment, topical antibacterial sprays, trimming of horn hoof, vaccination, low stocking density, and genetic selection for sheep breeds less susceptible to FR [23], [25]. We previously documented in a small-scale study that WB-Se concentrations are lower in FR-affected compared with healthy sheep, and that supranutritional Se-supplementation (inorganic sodium selenite administered parenterally once monthly) hastens FR recovery [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Supplementation Restores Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Footrot-Affected Sheep

et al. 2013

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Dietary selenium (Se) alters whole-blood Se concentrations in sheep, dependent upon Se source and dosage administered, but little is known about effects on immune function. We used footrot (FR) as a disease model to test the effects of supranutritional Se supplementation on immune function. To determine the effect of Se-source (organic Se-yeast, inorganic Na-selenite or Na-selenate) and Se-dosage (1, 3, 5 times FDA-permitted level) on FR severity, 120 ewes with and 120 ewes without FR were drenched weekly for 62 weeks with different Se sources and dosages (30 ewes/treatment group). Innate immunity was evaluated after 62 weeks of supplementation by measuring neutrophil bacterial killing ability. Adaptive immune function was evaluated by immunizing sheep with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test to KLH were used to assess humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, respectively. At baseline, FR-affected ewes had lower whole-blood and serum-Se concentrations; this difference was not observed after Se supplementation. Se supplementation increased neutrophil bacterial killing percentages in FR-affected sheep to percentages observed in supplemented and non-supplemented healthy sheep. Similarly, Se supplementation increased KLH antibody titers in FR-affected sheep to titers observed in healthy sheep. FR-affected sheep demonstrated suppressed cell-mediated immunity at 24 hours after intradermal KLH challenge, although there was no improvement with Se supplementation. We did not consistently prevent nor improve recovery from FR over the 62 week Se-treatment period. In conclusion, Se supplementation does not prevent FR, but does restore innate and humoral immune functions negatively affected by FR.

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“…Forage selenium levels in both the Idaho and Montana habitats averaged 8-10 times lower than what is recommended for domestic sheep forage of 0.25 and 0.30 ppm for whole blood levels to reach 0.2 ug/ml (Kincaid, 1998). Low blood Se levels are associated with immunosuppression (KiremidijianSchumacher & Stotzky, 1987, Hall et al, 2011). It has been speculated that bighorn sheep may have adapted to alpine environments and do not require as much Se as domestic animals (Samson et al, 1989).…”

Section: Forage and Habitat Evaluation: Domestic Sheep Nutritional Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat Quality in Association with Herd Health in Two Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) Populations

Frey¹,

Ward²,

Weiser³

2015

IJVMR

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Multiple factors have been identified as elements of the respiratory disease complex in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis). We hypothesized that differences in health factors and Pasteurellaceae in the upper respiratory tracts could exist between populations of bighorn sheep with and without histories of pneumonic epizootics. We evaluated bighorn sheep in the Big Creek area of Central Idaho which had a history of respiratory disease, and hunter-harvested bighorn sheep from the Montana Spanish Peaks Range which had no history of respiratory disease. Factors evaluated included Pasteurellaceae, indicators of exposure to respiratory viruses, lungworm (Protostongylus spp.) loads, nutritional status and forage nutrient availability. Pasteurellaceae were isolated from both populations; however, significant differences (P < 0.01) in β-hemolysis and cytotoxicity were detected between isolates from the two populations; 64% of isolates cultured from Idaho were β-hemolytic and 38% of those produced >50% cytotoxicity. In contrast, 19% of the isolates from Montana were β-hemolytic and none of those produced cytotoxicity >50%. Low serum antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were detected in Idaho bighorn sheep following a pneumonic epizootic and in both herds against parainfluenza-3 virus. Low lungworm loads were detected in both herds. Forage nutrient values were similar for the two populations; however, the selenium level present in the Montana forage was significantly higher (P = 0.06) than that detected in the Idaho forage. It is concluded that variances in Pasteurellaceae virulence factors and dietary selenium, important in immune function, may be critical factors to consider when identifying conditions favoring a pneumonic epizootic.

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Higher whole-blood selenium is associated with improved immune responses in footrot-affected sheep

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative PCR Studies in Sheep Neutrophils

Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative PCR Studies in Sheep Neutrophils

Selenium Supplementation Restores Innate and Humoral Immune Responses in Footrot-Affected Sheep

Habitat Quality in Association with Herd Health in Two Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) Populations

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