Higher Total Protein Intake and Change in Total Protein Intake Affect Body Composition but Not Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Adults Who Perform Resistance and Aerobic Exercise for 36 Weeks

Campbell, Wayne W.; Kim, Jung Eun; Amankwaah, Akua; Gordon, Susannah; Weinheimer-Haus, Eileen

doi:10.3945/jn.115.213595

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…While increased protein [ 35 ] and/or increased meal frequency [ 1 ] alone, or when combined with exercise [ 3 , 36 ], have been shown to improve body composition in normal- and overweight adults, we did not see additional benefit of protein-pacing on body composition in active normal-weight women performing RISE training. However, recent work by Antonio et al [ 37 ] indicated that high protein intake in combination with heavy resistance training did elicit additional improvement in body composition, namely, a greater reduction in fat mass and % body fat.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Protein-Pacing and Multi-Component Exercise Training Improves Physical Performance Outcomes in Exercise-Trained Women: The PRISE 3 Study

et al. 2016

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The beneficial cardiometabolic and body composition effects of combined protein-pacing (P; 5–6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) and multi-mode exercise (resistance, interval, stretching, endurance; RISE) training (PRISE) in obese adults has previously been established. The current study examines PRISE on physical performance (endurance, strength and power) outcomes in healthy, physically active women. Thirty exercise-trained women (>4 days exercise/week) were randomized to either PRISE (n = 15) or a control (CON, 5–6 meals/day at 1.0 g/kg BW/day; n = 15) for 12 weeks. Muscular strength (1-RM bench press, 1-RM BP) endurance (sit-ups, SUs; push-ups, PUs), power (bench throws, BTs), blood pressure (BP), augmentation index, (AIx), and abdominal fat mass were assessed at Weeks 0 (pre) and 13 (post). At baseline, no differences existed between groups. Following the 12-week intervention, PRISE had greater gains (p < 0.05) in SUs, PUs (6 ± 7 vs. 10 ± 7, 40%; 8 ± 13 vs. 14 ± 12, 43% ∆reps, respectively), BTs (11 ± 35 vs. 44 ± 34, 75% ∆watts), AIx (1 ± 9 vs. −5 ± 11, 120%), and DBP (−5 ± 9 vs. −11 ± 11, 55% ∆mmHg). These findings suggest that combined protein-pacing (P; 5–6 meals/day at 2.0 g/kg BW/day) diet and multi-component exercise (RISE) training (PRISE) enhances muscular endurance, strength, power, and cardiovascular health in exercise-trained, active women.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Protein-Pacing and Multi-Component Exercise Training Improves Physical Performance Outcomes in Exercise-Trained Women: The PRISE 3 Study

et al. 2016

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“…A metaanalysis of eleven longitudinal cohorts found that total and animal protein intakes were associated with higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes, while plant protein intake was associated with modestly lower risk of diabetes in women only (21) . However, a 2013 meta-analysis (42) and other evidence from trials of overfeeding (43) , restricted (9,44) or unrestricted (3,45) diets with varying levels of dietary protein show few, if any, changes in glycaemic or insulin parameters, and any changes may depend more on the modification of other macronutrient intake rather than protein specifically. We observed a modest beneficial association between protein intake and changes in eGFR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence from short-term randomized trials suggests that higher-protein diets (20–35 % of energy) may lower cardiometabolic risk, most notably via changes in body composition and/or weight – i.e. contributing to loss of fat mass and/or mitigating loss of lean body mass ( 2 – 4 ) – with inconsistent effects on other cardiometabolic risk factors ( 2 , 3 , 5 – 9 ) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and changes in markers of cardiometabolic health across 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged Americans

Hruby

Jacques

2018

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Dietary protein plays a role in counteracting age-related muscle loss. However, limited long-term data exist on protein intake and markers of cardiometabolic health, which tend to deteriorate with age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Food frequency questionnaire-derived protein intake (g/d) and cardiometabolic markers were assessed up to five times across 20 years. Markers included systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), circulating lipids (total, HDL, LDL cholesterol; triglycerides), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fasting glucose (FG), weight, and waist circumference (WC). Mixed models accounting for repeated measures were used to estimate adjusted mean annualized changes in outcomes per quartile category of protein. Setting: Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, USA Subjects: 3,066 participants with 12,333 unique observations, baseline age [mean (SD)]: 54.0 (9.7) y, BMI: 27.4 (4.9) kg/m2, 53.5% female Results: In fully adjusted models, there were favorable associations (mean (SE)) of total protein with annualized changes in SBP (lowest vs. highest intake: 0.34 [0.06] vs. 0.04 [0.06] mmHg, P trend=0.001) and eGFR (−1.03 [0.06] vs. −0.87 [0.05] mL/min/1.73 m2, P trend=0.046), unfavorable associations with changes in FG (0.013 [0.004] vs. 0.028 [0.004] mmol/L, P trend=0.004), and no associations with weight, WC, DBP, or lipids. Animal protein was favorably associated with SBP and unfavorably with FG and WC; plant protein was favorably associated with FG and WC. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that protein intake may influence changes in cardiometabolic health independent of change in weight in healthy adults and that protein’s role in cardiometabolic health may depend on the protein source.

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“…However, with respect to whey protein supplementation differing between the groups (1.2 g/kg/day vs 1.5 g/kg/day), there is no conclusive evidence for positive effects on MetS indices. [43][44][45] (2) The METS-Z score might not be the most frequently used cardiometabolic outcome. However, the continuous scale of this cluster allows a precise, combined analysis of risk factors without generating multiplicity.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on cardiometabolic health in older men with osteosarcopenia: the randomised controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)

Kemmler

Kohl

Stengel

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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ObjectivesSarcopenia is related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk-factors (CRF). Most exercise trials apply aerobic rather than resistance exercise to address CRF, while the strategy for maintaining muscle and bone is the opposite. However, there is considerable evidence that resistance exercise positively affects CRF. In the present study, we determined the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise training (HIT-RT) on CRF represented by the MetS in older men.MethodsForty-three osteosarcopenic and predominately obese older men (>72 years) living independently in Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany were randomly assigned to two study arms. The HIT-RT group (n=21) conducted a periodised high intensity/effort protocol dedicated to muscle and bone mass and function two times per week, while the control group (CG: n=22) maintained their habitual physical activities. Both groups were supplemented with protein, cholecalciferol and calcium. Study outcomes presented here were the MetS-Z (MetSZ) score and its underlying risk-factors.ResultsAfter 18 months of intervention, we observed significant effects for the MetSZ score (p<0.001), with significant improvements in the HIT-RT and significant worsening in the CG. In detail, all parameters constituting the MetS contributed to this result, however, only waist-circumference, HDL-cholesterol and mean arterial blood pressure revealed significant effects. No adverse events were reported and high adherence was determined for the HIT-RT-protocol.ConclusionContinuously supervised HIT-RT is an effective, attractive, feasible and safe method to address cardiometabolic risk factors in community-dwelling men aged 72 years and older. Further, considering the proven effects on musculoskeletal risk factors, the present results indicate a more prominent role for HIT-RT within non-pharmacological prevention strategies of older adults.Trial registration numberNCT03453463.

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Higher Total Protein Intake and Change in Total Protein Intake Affect Body Composition but Not Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Adults Who Perform Resistance and Aerobic Exercise for 36 Weeks

Cited by 23 publications

References 58 publications

Protein-Pacing and Multi-Component Exercise Training Improves Physical Performance Outcomes in Exercise-Trained Women: The PRISE 3 Study

Protein-Pacing and Multi-Component Exercise Training Improves Physical Performance Outcomes in Exercise-Trained Women: The PRISE 3 Study

Dietary protein and changes in markers of cardiometabolic health across 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged Americans

Effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on cardiometabolic health in older men with osteosarcopenia: the randomised controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST)

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