Higher striatal dopamine transporter density in PTSD: an in vivo SPECT study with [99mTc]TRODAT-1

Hoexter, Marcelo Q.; Fadel, Gustavo; Felı́cio, André Carvalho; Calzavara, Mariana Bendlin; Batista, Ilza Rosa; Reis, Michel Silva; Shih, Ming Chi; Pitman, Roger K.; Andreoli, Sérgio Baxter; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de; Mari, Jair J.; Bressan, Rodrigo A.

doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2755-4

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The DAT-dependent changes in psychostimulant potencies are particularly relevant in clinical treatment settings because disorders such as PTSD and ADHD are associated with increased DAT levels, ranging from 17–70% 15, 16, 17, 18 . These people could be more sensitive to the neurochemical, behavioral, and neurotoxic effects of prescribed AMPH and MPH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robust enhancement in the potency of releasers, but not blockers, following increases in DAT levels in DAT-tg mice is particularly important as it suggests that individual variations in DAT levels in the human population (e.g. ADHD sufferers 15 , PTSD 16 , early life stress 17 , repeated stressors 18 ) may predict susceptibility to abuse of compounds such as MPH, AMPH and methamphetamine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methylphenidate amplifies the potency and reinforcing effects of amphetamines by increasing dopamine transporter expression

et al. 2013

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Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly diverted for recreational use, but the neurobiological consequences of exposure to MPH at high, abused doses are not well defined. Here we show that MPH self-administration in rats increases dopamine transporter (DAT) levels and enhances the potency of MPH and amphetamine on dopamine responses and drug seeking behaviors, without altering cocaine effects. Genetic over-expression of the DAT in mice mimics these effects, confirming that MPH self-administration-induced increases in DAT levels are sufficient to induce the changes. Further, this work outlines a basic mechanism by which increases in DAT levels, regardless of how they occur, are capable of increasing the rewarding and reinforcing effects of select psychostimulant drugs, and suggests that individuals with elevated DAT levels, such as ADHD sufferers, may be more susceptible to the addictive effects of amphetamine-like drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate amplifies the potency and reinforcing effects of amphetamines by increasing dopamine transporter expression

et al. 2013

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“…Also neurotransmitter system functions are altered in PTSD. For instance PTSD patients exhibit increased dopamine transporter density [12] and an association with serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype has been reported in cases of severe trauma exposure [13] . Furthermore, the levels of chief inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are decreased significantly in the right anterior insula of PTSD patients, and associated with increased state-trait anxiety inventory psychological classification [14] .…”

Section: Neurobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Borghans¹,

Homberg²

2015

WJP

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common anxiety disorder characterised by its persistence of symptoms after a traumatic experience. Although some patients can be cured, many do not benefit enough from the psychological therapies or medication strategies used. Many researchers use animal models to learn more about the disorder and several models are available. The most-used physical stressor models are single-prolonged stress, restraint stress, foot shock, stress-enhanced fear learning, and underwater trauma. Common social stressors are housing instability, social instability, earlylife stress, and social defeat. Psychological models are not as diverse and rely on controlled exposure to the test animal's natural predator. While validation of these models has been resolved with replicated symptoms using analogous stressors, translating new findings to human patients remains essential for their impact on the field. Choosing a model to experiment with can be challenging; this overview of what is possible with individual models may aid in making a decision. Core tip: There are currently several widely accepted animal models being used in fundamental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) research, and many publications using them have made valuable contributions to the collective knowledge on the subject. Still, the difference between models indicates that their suitability depends on the situation; each model has shown different amounts of success in replicating individual criteria or aspects of PTSD. Accordingly, the selection of the most suitable model for each experiment is important for optimally reliable results. This review offers relevant information to aid in that decision.Borghans B, Homberg JR. Animal models for posttraumatic REVIEW 387December 22, 2015|Volume 5|Issue 4|

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“…In addition, it is reported that hippocampal volume loss is frequently observed in PTSD patients, which is believed to be associated with blunted circadian cortisol oscillations [20]. Furthermore, neurotransmitter system is also altered in PTSD, for instance, PTSD patients exhibit increased density of dopamine transporters in striatum [21]. Likewise, adrenergic receptors [22] and serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region genotype also play important roles in the development of PTSD [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Amelioration of oxidative stress-induced phenotype loss of parvalbumin interneurons might contribute to the beneficial effects of environmental enrichment in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

Sun

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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Higher striatal dopamine transporter density in PTSD: an in vivo SPECT study with [99mTc]TRODAT-1

Cited by 67 publications

References 55 publications

Methylphenidate amplifies the potency and reinforcing effects of amphetamines by increasing dopamine transporter expression

Methylphenidate amplifies the potency and reinforcing effects of amphetamines by increasing dopamine transporter expression

Animal models for posttraumatic stress disorder: An overview of what is used in research

Amelioration of oxidative stress-induced phenotype loss of parvalbumin interneurons might contribute to the beneficial effects of environmental enrichment in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

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