Higher Serum Leptin Levels are Associated with a Reduced Risk of Sarcopenia but a Higher Risk of Dynapenia Among Older Adults

Kao, Tung‐Wei; Peng, Tao‐Chun; Chen, Wei‐Liang; Chi, Yu-Chiao; Chen, Chi‐Ling; Yang, Wei–Shiung

doi:10.2147/jir.s335694

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Higher skeletal muscle mass, kg and SMI, kg/m 2 were correlated with higher leptin levels in men and women (see results). These findings are confirmed by various studies among older subjects [80][81][82] and might be explained by an anabolic effect of leptin on muscle. In line with this supposition, in vitro experiments in cultured primary myoblasts have shown increased expression of myogenic genes by leptin treatment 83 and an in vivo study in aged mice demonstrated that leptin administration increased the expression of microRNAs involved in myogenesis 84 .…”

Section: Crosstalk Between Bone and Musclesupporting

confidence: 87%

Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue

Walowski

Enderlé

Braun

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Lower bone mass in older adults may be mediated by the endocrine crosstalk between muscle, adipose tissue and bone. In 150 community-dwelling adults (59–86 years, BMI 17–37 kg/m2; 58.7% female), skeletal muscle mass index, adipose tissue and fat mass index (FMI) were determined. Levels of myokines, adipokines, osteokines, inflammation markers and insulin were measured as potential determinants of bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). FMI was negatively associated with BMC and BMD after adjustment for mechanical loading effects of body weight (r-values between −0.37 and −0.71, all p < 0.05). Higher FMI was associated with higher leptin levels in both sexes, with higher hsCRP in women and with lower adiponectin levels in men. In addition to weight and FMI, sclerostin, osteocalcin, leptin × sex and adiponectin were independent predictors of BMC in a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Muscle mass, but not myokines, showed positive correlations with bone parameters that were weakened after adjusting for body weight (r-values between 0.27 and 0.58, all p < 0.01). Whereas the anabolic effect of muscle mass on bone in older adults may be partly explained by mechanical loading, the adverse effect of obesity on bone is possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation, higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels.

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Section: Crosstalk Between Bone and Musclesupporting

confidence: 87%

Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue

Walowski

Enderlé

Braun

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Positive factors include large muscle mass and balanced nutrition, whereas negative factors include lack of exercise and poor muscle quality 17 . Low muscle strength and quality were associated with high serum levels of adipocyte‐secreted leptin 18,19 . Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) accumulation was negatively correlated with muscle strength and performance in elderlies 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Low muscle strength and quality were associated with high serum levels of adipocyte-secreted leptin. 18,19 Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) accumulation was negatively correlated with muscle strength and performance in elderlies. 20 Patients with SO had poor physical performance 21 and higher rates of mortality than their healthy peers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

et al. 2022

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Summary Aging and obesity are two global concerns in public health. Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the combination of age‐related sarcopenia and obesity, has become a pressing issue. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize the current clinical evidence relevant to SO. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched, and 106 clinical studies with 167,151 elderlies were included. The estimated prevalence of SO was 9% in both men and women. Obesity was associated with 34% reduced risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.91; p < 0.001). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause mortality was 1.51 (95% CI 1.14–2.02; p < 0.001) for people with SO compared with healthy individuals. SO was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and related mortality, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, arthritis, functional limitation, and lung diseases (all ORs > 1.0, p < 0.05). The attenuated risk of sarcopenia in elderlies with obesity (“obesity paradox”) was dependent on higher muscle mass and strength. Apart from unifying the diagnosis of SO, more research is needed to subphenotype people with obesity and sarcopenia for individualized treatment. Meanwhile, the maintenance of proper body composition of muscle and fat may delay or attenuate the adverse outcomes of aging.

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“…This observation may highlight the importance of physical activity. Furthermore, we recently showed that adiposity and higher serum leptin level are associated with dynapenia (reduced muscle strength without sarcopenia) 48 , 49 . On the other hand, higher serum leptin reduced the risk of sarcopenia 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we recently showed that adiposity and higher serum leptin level are associated with dynapenia (reduced muscle strength without sarcopenia) 48 , 49 . On the other hand, higher serum leptin reduced the risk of sarcopenia 49 . Taken together, the complex interplays among adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and bone revealed by these human studies warrant further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal analysis of serum adiponectin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Taiwan

Tai

Chen

Tsai

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Since bone and fat mass are derived from mesenchyme in early development, adipokines secreted by adipose tissue may have an effect on bone metabolism. The relationship between adiponectin and bone mineral density (BMD) has been inconsistent in previous reports, with results being dependent on age, gender, menopausal status and bone sites. We investigated the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and the BMD of proximal femur and vertebrae bones in a 96-week longitudinal study of post-menopausal women with repeated measures of both. Linear regression models were used to determine the relation between adiponectin and BMD at each time point cross-sectionally, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to investigate the longitudinal trends. Among 431 subjects, 376 (87%) provided baseline adiponectin measurements and 373 provided more than two measurements for longitudinal analysis. The means of serum adiponectin and BMD decreased with time. In linear regression models, adiponectin at baseline, the 48th week and the 96th week appeared to be inversely associated with BMD of proximal femur bone, but not lumbar spine after adjusting for age and various confounders. However, they all turn insignificant with further adjustment of body mass index. The inverse association between adiponectin and BMD of proximal femur is substantiated by all generalized equation models. Before adding the BMI in the model, the increase of 1 mg/dL of adiponectin can accelerate the decrease of proximal femur BMD by 0.001 (SE = 0.0004, p = 0.008). With BMI in the model, the drop rate was 0.0008 (SE = 0.0004, p = 0.026) and remained similar with further adjustment of two bone turnover markers. In this longitudinal analysis with both adiponectin and BMD measured at three time points, we demonstrate that with the increase of adiponectin level, the decline of proximal femur BMD in postmenopausal women accelerated during a period of 96 weeks.

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Higher Serum Leptin Levels are Associated with a Reduced Risk of Sarcopenia but a Higher Risk of Dynapenia Among Older Adults

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue

Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

A longitudinal analysis of serum adiponectin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Taiwan

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