Higher proportions of circulating FOXP3+ and CTLA-4+ regulatory T cells are associated with lower fractions of memory CD4+ T cells in infants

Rabe, Hardis; Lundell, Anna‐Carin; Andersson, Kerstin; Adlerberth, Ingegerd; Wold, Agnes E.; Rudin, Anna

doi:10.1189/jlb.0511244

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…However, recent discoveries indicate that infant hyporesponsiveness is largely modulated by T regulatory cells. In fact, infants have a higher proportion of T regulatory cells but a lower proportion of T follicular helper cells than adults (12). Infants have lower numbers of circulating CD4 ϩ CCR5 ϩ T cells, the main target for HIV (13), although a high proportion of CD4 ϩ…”

Section: Early Life and Adult Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Martinez

Permar

Fouda

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Extensive studies have demonstrated that infant immune responses are distinct from those of adults. Despite these differences, infant immunization can elicit protective immune responses at levels comparable to or, in some cases, higher than adult immune responses to many vaccines. To date, only a few HIV vaccine candidates have been tested in infant populations, and none of them evaluated vaccine efficacy. Recent exciting studies showing that HIV-infected infants can develop broad neutralizing antibody responses and that some HIV vaccine regimens can elicit high levels of potentially protective antibodies in infants provide support for the development and testing of HIV vaccines in pediatric populations. In this review, we discuss the differences in adult and infant immune responses in the setting of HIV infection and vaccination.

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Section: Early Life and Adult Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Martinez

Permar

Fouda

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Fecal samples, which were obtained at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk of age, were cultured quantitatively for major groups of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as previously described (18). In brief, staphylococci were isolated on Staphylococcus agar and identified as Staphylococcus aureus or coagulasenegative staphylococci with the coagulase test.…”

Section: Sampling and Culturing Of The Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allophycocyanin-and FITC-conjugated mouse Ig G 1 isotype controls (clone 340, allophycocyanin IgG 1 1/90 and FITC IgG 1 1/20; BD Bioscience) were used as references when gating on the CD5 + and CD27 + populations within the CD20 + lymphocyte population. As previously described (18), the gate for FOXP3 was set by comparing the expression of FOXP3 within the CD25…”

Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant B Cell Memory Differentiation and Early Gut Bacterial Colonization

Lundell

Björnsson

Ljung

et al. 2012

The Journal of Immunology

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Germ-free animal models have demonstrated that commensal bacterial colonization of the intestine induces B cell differentiation and activation. Whether colonization with particular bacterial species or groups is associated with B cell development during early childhood is not known. In a prospective newborn/infant cohort including 65 Swedish children, we examined the numbers and proportions of CD20+, CD5+, and CD27+ B cells in blood samples obtained at several time points during the first 3 y of life using flow cytometry. Fecal samples were collected and cultured quantitatively for major facultative and anaerobic bacteria at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk of life. We found that the numbers of CD20+ B cells and CD5+CD20+ B cells reached their highest levels at 4 mo, whereas CD20+ B cells expressing the memory marker CD27 were most numerous at 18 and 36 mo of age. Using multivariate analysis, we show that early colonization with Escherichia coli and bifidobacteria were associated with higher numbers of CD20+ B cells that expressed the memory marker CD27 at 4 and 18 mo of age. In contrast, we were unable to demonstrate any relation between bacterial colonization pattern and numbers of CD20+ or CD5+CD20+ B cells. These results suggest that the intestinal bacterial colonization pattern may affect the B cell maturation also in humans, and that an early gut microbiota including E. coli and bifidobacteria might promote this maturation.

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“…If this is the case, cytokine responses to antigens in cord blood might have little relevance to immune responses to the same antigens later in childhood. 131 The frequency of regulatory T cells at birth is inversely associated with gestational age 130,[132][133][134][135] and this difference may persist for a significant period into infancy. Findings from our laboratory have suggested that the allergen reactivity of neonatal T cells consists predominantly of a default response by recent thymic emigrants, which provide an initial burst of short-lived cellular immunity in the absence of conventional T cell memory.…”

Section: Surface Phenotype Of T Cells In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%