Higher plant assays for the detection of chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations—a brief historical background on their use for screening and monitoring environmental chemicals

Grant, W. F.

doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00050-0

Cited by 165 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Plant genotoxicity tests measure different genetic endpoints (clastogenicity and aneugenicity) and allow researchers to study water in situ, without requiring lengthy and expensive methods for concentration. Plant tests have recently been used for the detection of mutagens in water [for reviews, see Grant, 1994Grant, , 1999. Vicia faba and Allium cepa have been utilized for environmental waters, disinfected wastewaters, and also drinking water [Chang-Qun et al, 1999;Knasmuller et al, 1998; Grant sponsor: the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (40% funds, MURST, to SM and MR.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant genotoxicity tests measure different genetic endpoints (clastogenicity and aneugenicity) and allow researchers to study water in situ, without requiring lengthy and expensive methods for concentration. Plant tests have recently been used for the detection of mutagens in water [for reviews, see Grant, 1994Grant, , 1999. Vicia faba and Allium cepa have been utilized for environmental waters, disinfected wastewaters, and also drinking water [Chang-Qun et al, 1999;Knasmuller et al, 1998;Minissi and Lombi, 1997;Minissi et al, 1998;Rizzoni et al, 1995;Smaka-Kincl et al, 1996]; more recently, the Tradescantia/ micronuclei test has been used to detect genotoxicity in concentrated and unconcentrated samples of drinking water [Helma et al, 1994;Monarca et al, 1998Monarca et al, , 2002a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity of surface water treated with different disinfectants using in situ plant tests

Monarca

Rizzoni

Gustavino

et al. 2003

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Disinfection of surface drinking water, in particular water chlorination, results in many by-products with potential genotoxic and/or carcinogenic activity. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of surface water after treatment with different disinfectants by means of in situ plant genotoxicity assays (micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests) which can detect both clastogenic and aneugenic effects. The study was carried out at a pilot plant using lake water after sedimentation and filtration. This water supplied four stainless steel basins: three basins were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, and peracetic acid and the fourth basin containing untreated lake water was used as a control. Plants were exposed in situ in the basins. The study was carried out using water collected in different seasons over a period of about 1 year in order to assess the treatments in different physical and chemical lake water conditions. The micronucleus test in root cells of Vicia faba (Vicia faba/MCN test) revealed genotoxicity in many samples of disinfected water. The micronucleus test in Tradescantia pollen cells and the chromosome aberration test in root cells of Allium cepa showed genotoxic effects only in some disinfected samples, but also revealed genotoxicity in raw water. The results of the study indicated that the Vicia faba/ MCN test was the most sensitive plant assay for disinfected water and that peracetic acid disinfection produced similar or lower genotoxicity than sodium hypochlorite or chlorine dioxide treatment. INTRODUCTIONDrinking water disinfection may produce toxic compounds, particularly if the water is obtained from surface sources. Water chlorination results in mutagenic/carcinogenic by-products derived from the reaction of chlorine with organic compounds (humic and fulvic acids) naturally present in water [Rook, 1974; WHO, 1996]. For this reason it is very important to test alternative disinfectants to chlorine in order to reduce these potential health risks. Among the new disinfectants, peracetic acid (CH 3 -CO-OOH, PAA) deserves to be studied for its application in drinking water disinfection, since it is a potent antimicrobial agent and has many applications in hospitals, laboratories, and factories [Baldry et al., 1991[Baldry et al., , 1995Lefevre et al., 1992]. More recently, PAA has been found to be an effective biocidal compound for wastewater disinfection, and previous research showed that disinfection of lake and river drinking water with PAA gave rise to a very low level of genotoxicity and produced only carboxylic acids [Monarca et al., 2002a], which are not recognized as mutagenic.Drinking water has been intensively examined for gene mutations, primarily by assaying extracts of water in bacterial tests, and several studies on different disinfectants have been carried out [Koivusalo et al., 1994;Loper et al., 1980;Monarca 1985Monarca , 1998Monarca , 2002aRomero et al., 1992;Tuomisto et al., 1990;Wilcox and Williamson, 1986;Wilcox et al., 1988]. Plant genot...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant genotoxicity tests measure different genetic endpoints (clastogenicity and aneugenicity) and allow researchers to study water in situ, without requiring lengthy and expensive methods for concentration. Plant tests have recently been used for the detection of mutagens in water [for reviews, see Grant, 1994Grant, , 1999. Vicia faba and Allium cepa have been utilized for environmental waters, disinfected wastewaters, and also drinking water [Chang-Qun et al, 1999;Knasmuller et al, 1998;Minissi and Lombi, 1997;Minissi et al, 1998;Rizzoni et al, 1995;Smaka-Kincl et al, 1996]; more recently, the Tradescantia/ micronuclei test has been used to detect genotoxicity in concentrated and unconcentrated samples of drinking water [Helma et al, 1994;Monarca et al, 1998Monarca et al, , 2002a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of surface water treated with different disinfectants using in situ plant tests

Monarca

Rizzoni

Gustavino

et al. 2003

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…In the A. cepa assay, inhibition of root growth has been shown to indicate retardation of growth and cytotoxicty (Grant 1999;Odeigah et al 1997). Also, growth inhibition can be caused by a reduction in mitotic activities and occurrence of various CA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity assessment of two common curing weeds: Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir. and Leucas indica (L.) R. Br.

Sumitha

Thoppil

2015

Cytotechnology

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Hyptis suaveolens and Leucas indica, two common weeds were selected for the present study, to reveal their probable cytotoxic potential. The meristematic root tips of Allium cepa were used for testing the cytotoxic property of the aqueous leaf extracts containing both polar and non-polar compounds, and that containing polar compounds alone, at different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 %) and at different time durations, using distilled water as negative control. Mitotic squash preparations were made using a standard protocol. The mitotic index of the treated root tip cells was found to be decreasing and the abnormality percentage was found to be increasing with increase in extract concentration when compared with the control. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed in the extract containing both polar and non-polar compounds. Both the tested plants were found to be cytotoxic. The abnormalities noticed were of both clastogenic (nuclear lesions, nuclear fragmentation, etc.) and non-clastogenic (aberrant cell wall formation at cytokinesis, ball metaphase, etc.) types. Both plant extracts were found to significantly (P \ 0.05) inhibit root growth of Allium cepa with an EC 50 value of 1.92 % (R 2 = 0.594) for Hyptis and 1.58 % (R 2 = 0.757) for Leucas. The results were also analysed statistically by using analysis of variance followed by appropriate post hoc tests. These two weeds are aromatic plants comprising of essential oils that are volatile, natural complex compounds characterized by a strong odour and formed as secondary metabolites. In nature, essential oils play an important role in the protection of the plants as insecticides by reducing their appetite for such plants. When specifically targeted the concept of effectively exploiting these weeds for the formulation of herbal insecticides/ pesticides may be possible in the near future.

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“…have been developed. Plant bioassays, characterized by generally higher sensitivity in comparison to other systems, proved useful in different situations and for different end points [14]. Among them, the Allium (A.cepa) test has been used to assess a great number of chemical compounds [15], wastewater [16], waters from rivers and lakes [17,18], drinking water [19] and melted snow [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activities of phenolic compounds and ethanolic extract of Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss) Dőrfler

Mašković

Maksimović

et al. 2012

Open Life Sciences

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of endemic plant Halacsya sendtneri in inhibiting the growing of the test fungi and bacteria as well as to determine its genotoxic potential and toxicity using the Allium anaphase-telophase assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 15 indicator strains of pathogens, representing both bacteria and fungi. The highest susceptibility to the ethanolic extract of H.sendtneri was exhibited by Pseudomonas glycinea (FSB4), (MIC=0.09 mg/ml) among the bacteria, and by Phialophora fastigiata (FSB81), (MIC=1.95 mg/ml) among the fungi. The composition of H. sendtneri extracts was also determined using HPLC analysis. Rosmarinic acid was found to be the dominant phenolic compound. The Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay revealed that the ethanolic extract of H. sendtneri at concentrations of 31.5 mg/l and below does not produce toxic or genotoxic effects. This is the first report of chemical constituents, genotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the endemic species, H. sendtneri.

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Higher plant assays for the detection of chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations—a brief historical background on their use for screening and monitoring environmental chemicals

Cited by 165 publications

References 57 publications

Genotoxicity of surface water treated with different disinfectants using in situ plant tests

Genotoxicity of surface water treated with different disinfectants using in situ plant tests

Genotoxicity assessment of two common curing weeds: Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir. and Leucas indica (L.) R. Br.

Biological activities of phenolic compounds and ethanolic extract of Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss) Dőrfler

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