Higher-order nonlinear equations for the electron-acoustic waves in a nonextensive electron-positron-ion plasma

Abstract

A precise theoretical investigation has been made on electron-acoustic (EA) Gardner solitons (GSs) and double layers (DLs) in a four-component plasma system consisting of nonextensive hot electrons and positrons, inertial cold electrons, and immobile positive ions. The well-known reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV), modified K-dV (mK-dV), and Gardner equations along with their solitary wave as well as double layer solutions. It has been found that depending on the plasma parameters, the K-dV solitons and GSs are either compressive or rarefactive, whereas the mK-dV solitons are only compressive, and Gardner DLs are only rarefactive. The analytical comparison among the K-dV solitons, mK-dV solitons, and GSs are also investigated. It has been identified that the basic properties of such EA solitons and EA DLs are significantly modified due to the effects of nonextensivity and other plasma parameters related to plasma particle number densities and to temperature of different plasma species. The results of our present investigation can be helpful for understanding the nonlinear electrostatic structures associated with EA waves in various interstellar space plasma environments and cosmological scenarios (viz. quark-gluon plasma, protoneutron stars, stellar polytropes, hadronic matter, dark-matter halos, etc.)Keywords Electron-acoustic waves · Nonextensive electrons and positrons · Electron-positron-ion plasmas ·

Electrostatic solitary waves in an electron-positron pair plasma with suprathermal electrons

“…Studies of e-p pair plasmas demonstrated that electrostatic solitary waves can be generated [40], though a Maxwellian distribution was assumed. A number of papers have also been devoted to the linear and nonlinear dynamics of electronacoustic waves [46,47], electrostatic waves [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], and in the presence of suprathermal (and non-thermal) electrons [46,50,52] in e-p pair plasmas. Moreover, the propagation of ion-acoustic waves [56][57][58][59], and dust-acoustic waves [60][61][62] have recently been studied in e-p plasmas.…”

Dust-acoustic rogue waves in an opposite polarity dusty plasma featuring non-extensive statistics

“…The solution (20) anticipates the concentration of the DAW rogue waves (DARWs) energy into a small region that is caused by the nonlinear behavior of the plasma medium. The variation of |Φ| against ξ is illustrated in Fig.…”

“…As the Maxwellian distribution is inappreciable to describe systems in a nonequilibrium state with long range interactions, particles of space and laboratory plasmas don't follow Maxwellian distribution in all time. In space and astrophysical environments, the particles are supposed to follow the non-Maxwellian distribution, such as, non-extensive q-distribution, when the plasma particles move very fast compared to their thermal velocities [19,20,21]. Non-extensive generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon entropy was first presented by Renyi [22] and subsequently proposed by Tsallis [23], which has achieved enormous attention during last few decades.…”

Exact Solutions of the Gardner Equation and their Applications to the Different Physical Plasmas

“…There are number of papers dealing with dynamical changes of the Gardner solitary and shock waves in unmagnetized plasma containing ions, negatively charged immobile dust, hot electrons and protons, as Refs. [6,31,33,34] which investigated the electron-acoustic Gardner solitons in a nonextensive electron-positron-ion plasma system. They used the reductive perturbation method to derive the Gardner equation.…”