Higher levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α are associated with an increased probability of major depressive disorder

Abstract

doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.Higher levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α are associated with an increased probability of major depressive disorder ABSTRACT Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious psychiatric disorder but there are no reliable risk assessment tools for this condition. The actual reason for affecting depression is still controversial. It is assumed that the dysregulated cytokines are produced due to the hyperactivation of the immune system in depression. We aimed to evaluate the possible alteration and the role of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in MDD patients. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5 th edition was used to diagnose patients and evaluation of healthy controls (HCs). The severity of depression was measured by the Hamilton depression rating scale (Ham-D). Serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Increased levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were observed in MDD patients compared to HCs. These higher levels of peripheral markers were positively correlated with the severity of depression.Moreover, females with higher Ham-D scores showed greater serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels compared to males. Good predictive values were detected for both serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Therefore, the elevated levels of serum IL-1β and TNF-α might be used as risk assessment indicators for MDD.

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