Higher level phylogenetics of erigonine spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)

Hormiga, Gustavo

doi:10.5479/si.00810282.609

Cited by 153 publications

(323 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the illustrations of linyphiid vulvae provided by Millidge (1984Millidge ( , 1993 and those of Orsonwelles by Hormiga (2002) reveal that the basal part of the spermatheca is more or less spiraled with the copulatory and the fertilization ducts (grooves). Based on the strong support for the monophyly of Linyphiidae (Hormiga 1994(Hormiga , 2000Miller and Hormiga 2004;Arnedo et al 2009) Results of the present study suggest that in ''micronetines'' and erigonines the spermathecae, as the only connection between the copulatory and the fertilization grooves, may be partially derived from the groove itself (arrow indicates the proximal end of fertilization groove). CG copulatory groove, DP dorsal plate, FG fertilization groove, MP median plate, S spermatheca, S 1 upper chamber of spermatheca, S 2 lower chamber of spermatheca, SG special gland, VP ventral plate (Figs.…”

Section: Groovesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Based on SEM data on the epigynal surface (e.g., Hormiga 2000 ;Miller 2007;Hormiga and Tu 2008), combined with data on the internal structures associated with the slits (e.g., Millidge 1984Millidge , 1993Hormiga 1994Hormiga , 2000Miller 2007;Hormiga and Tu 2008), especially the sinuous fertilization ducts (grooves), as well as the histological evidence mentioned above, we infer that copulatory and fertilization grooves are more widespread than currently recognized in both Linyphiidae and its sister group, Pimoidae (Hormiga 1994(Hormiga , 2000. The slits on the epigynal surface and the internal structures are an integral part of the epigynum (Saaristo and Tanasevitch 1996).…”

Section: Groovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4g). Hormiga (2000) and Miller and Hormiga (2004) reported divided spermathecae (two pairs) in two other erigonine species, but coded it as absent in all other linyphiid groups in their character matrices. In light of the observations reported here, it is clear that their character coding/scoring should be corrected-e.g., the erigonine Tmeticus should be coded as having the same state than Tenuiphantes, that is, two chamber spermathecae.…”

Section: Morphology Of ''Micronetine'' Epigynamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of genitalia have also provided a rich source of phylogenetic information for reconstructing evolutionary relationships (e.g., Á lvarez-Padilla 2007; Agnarsson 2004;Coddington 1986Coddington , 1990Coddington , 2005Coddington and Levi 1991;Hormiga 1994Hormiga , 2000Hormiga and Scharff 2005;Griswold et al 1998Griswold et al , 2005Kuntner et al 2008;Miller and Hormiga 2004). However, in contrast with male palpal morphology, which has played a critical role in phylogenetic studies and often dominates character data matrices, very limited detailed information on female genitalia is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By integrating data both from SEM and transmitted light microscopy we can interpret the morphology of the epigynum in ''micronetines''. We have assessed the phylogenetic implications of epigynal morphology in the ''micronetine-erigonine'' clade based on comparisons across the species examined here and those described and illustrated from other linyphiid groups by previous studies (Millidge 1984(Millidge , 1993Hormiga 2000;Miller and Hormiga 2004;Miller 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The female genitalic morphology of “micronetine” spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae)

Hormiga

2009

Genetica

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Current knowledge of ''micronetine'' female genitalia is almost exclusively based on transmitted light microscopy data. As such, our understanding of the epigynal anatomy is incomplete and somewhat misleading, to the extent that it hinders comparative studies of linyphiid diversity. We used scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to study the complex epigynal morphology of ''micronetine'' spiders. Enzymatic digestion of soft tissues allowed us to examine the internal chitinized structures in detail using SEM. A taxonomic sample of nine species was selected to represent the morphological genitalic diversity of female ''micronetines'' (including one member of the Erigoninae clade). Results reveal that the epigynum consists of a pair of grooves formed by integument folds (copulatory and fertilization grooves). The protruding epigynal region is divided into a ventral and a dorsal plate by the grooves; both plates can be modified to form an epigynal cavity and/or a scape. Our observations confirm the widespread occurrence of epigynal grooves, rather than ducts, in ''micronetines''. Epigynal grooves seem to be common in linyphioids and other spider groups.

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Section: Groovesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Groovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology Of ''Micronetine'' Epigynamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The female genitalic morphology of “micronetine” spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae)

Hormiga

2009

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The female genital morphology of the orb weaving spider genus Agriognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)

Dimitrov¹,

Álvarez-Padilla²,

Hormiga³

2007

Journal of Morphology

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The female genital morphology of the spiders in the araneoid genus Agriognatha (Tetragnathidae) is described and illustrated. The female genitalia of Agriognatha is characterized by a strong reduction of the sperm storage organs (spermathecae) and by the presence of a specialized distal compartment of the median membranous chamber that functions as a sperm storage organ (the posterior sac). The genital morphology of Agriognatha species is unique among Tetragnathidae and it provides robust synapomorphic evidence for the monophyly of genus. We discuss the phylogenetic implications of these new findings for the placement and monophyly of Agriognatha and for the monophyly of Tetragnathinae.

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Cephalic modifications in dimorphic dwarf spiders of the genus oedothorax (Erigoninae, Linyphiidae, Araneae) and their evolutionary implications

Michalik

Uhl

2011

Journal of Morphology

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Reproductive competition among males selects for a broad variety of strategies and traits from mate guarding to nuptial food gifts. Males of many dwarf spider species possess conspicuous secondary cephalic modifications, and the few studies available suggest that these cephalic structures are connected to extensive glandular tissue. Because females were observed to contact the male head structures during mating, these traits may have evolved in the context of sexual selection. We investigated the structure, glandular equipment, and sensory equipment of the cephalic regions of several species of the dwarf spider genus Oedothorax with varying degrees of sexual dimorphism using light and electron microscopy. In one Oedothorax species, there are two male morphs that exhibit a cephalic modification (O. gibbosus gibbosus) or not (O. gibbosus tuberosus). Our study demonstrates that all males investigated produce cephalic secretions, irrespective of the morphology of their cephalic region, however, they may differ in amount of secretion and in cellular organization. In males of O. apicatus, O. gibbosus gibbosus and O. retusus the gland cells are very abundant in the area of a cephalic hump, whereas in the less conspicuous O. agrestis, and O. gibbosus tuberosus the gland cells are restricted to a small area behind the ocular region or include the ocular region as in O. fuscus. The glandular tissue consists of two gland types in O. agrestis, O. fuscus, O. gibbosus tuberosus and O. retusus and of only one type in O. apicatus and O. gibbosus gibbosus. The setae present on the head structure of all species seem to function as mechano- and/or chemoreceptors. The implications of our findings for the evolution of secretory head structures are discussed along with their potential for driving speciation.

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Higher level phylogenetics of erigonine spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

The female genitalic morphology of “micronetine” spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae)

The female genitalic morphology of “micronetine” spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae)

The female genital morphology of the orb weaving spider genus Agriognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)

Cephalic modifications in dimorphic dwarf spiders of the genus oedothorax (Erigoninae, Linyphiidae, Araneae) and their evolutionary implications

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