Higher inhibitory control is required to escape the innate attraction to effort minimization

Cheval, Boris; Daou, Marcos; Cabral, Daniel Aranha Rêgo; Bacelar, Mariane F.B.; Parma, Juliana Otoni; Forestier, Cyril; Orsholits, Dan; Sander, David; Boisgontier, Matthieu P.; Miller, Matthew W.

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101781

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As modern humans rarely need to move to accomplish these primordial objectives, the desire to move would likely be minimal. Moreover, one could point out that exercise is fatiguing, painful and possibly feels punishing, thus not reinforcing (Williams and Bohlen, 2019), some individuals clearly do not enjoy exercise or physical activity (Chinn et al, 2006), humans are possibly "hard-wired" to be sedentary (Cheval et al, 2018(Cheval et al, , 2020, and a large portion of the population is, indeed, inactive (Cheval and Boisgontier, 2021). All of these phenomena likely developed in response to the human need to avoid a negative energy balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale

et al. 2021

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Physical activity, and likely the motivation for it, varies throughout the day. The aim of this investigation was to create a short assessment (CRAVE: Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) to measure motivation states (wants, desires, urges) for physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Five studies were conducted to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the scale, with 1,035 participants completing the scale a total of 1,697 times. In Study 1, 402 university students completed a questionnaire inquiring about the want or desire to perform behaviors “at the present moment (right now).” Items related to physical activity (e.g., “move my body”) and sedentary behaviors (e.g., “do nothing active”). An exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) revealed that 10 items should be retained, loading onto two factors (5 each for Move and Rest). In Study 2, an independent sample (n = 444) confirmed these results and found that Move and Rest desires were associated with stage-of-change for exercise behavior. In Study 3, 127 community-residing participants completed the CRAVE at 6-month intervals over two years- two times each session. Across-session interclass correlations (ICC) for Move (ICC = 0.72–0.95) and Rest (ICC = 0.69–0.88) were higher than when they were measured across 24-months (Move: ICC = 0.53; Rest: ICC = 0.49), indicating wants/desires have state-like qualities. In Study 4, a maximal treadmill test was completed by 21 university students. The CRAVE was completed immediately pre and post. Move desires decreased 26% and Rest increased 74%. Changes in Move and Rest desires were moderately associated with changes in perceived physical fatigue and energy. In Study 5, 41 university students sat quietly during a 50-min lecture. They completed the CRAVE at 3 time points. Move increased 19.6% and Rest decreased 16.7%. Small correlations were detected between move and both perceived energy and tiredness, but not calmness or tension. In conclusion, the CRAVE scale has good psychometric properties. These data also support tenets of the WANT model of motivation states for movement and rest (Stults-Kolehmainen et al., 2020a). Future studies need to explore how desires to move/rest relate to dynamic changes in physical activity and sedentarism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale

et al. 2021

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“…We chose our seed regions (ACC and the rAI) as they have been consistently implicated in effort-based decision making and the integration of motor costs with reward outcomes (Bernacer et al, 2019;Klein-Flügge et al, 2016;Porter et al, 2020;Prévost et al, 2010). Further, these same regions have been implicated in inhibitory control, which has been shown to be important to overcome the posited innate attraction towards effort minimization (Cheval et al, 2020). The function of the ACC and its behavioral role has been highly debated (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association between self-efficacy and sedentary behavior has been shown in meta-analyses (Szczuka et al, 2020) and in younger adults, interventions targeting perceptions of competence and capability (self-efficacy) have been shown to reduce time spent sedentary (Falk et al, 2015). From a cognitive perspective, to successfully overcome short-term costs in favor of longer-term benefits (like reducing sedentary behaviors), executive control functions, such as inhibitory control, flexibility and goalorientated decision making are required (Cheval et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting State Functional Connectivity Predicts Future Changes in Sedentary Behavior

Morris¹,

Kucyi²,

Anteraper³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Information about a person’s available energy resources is integrated in daily behavioral choices that weigh motor costs against expected rewards. It has been posited that humans have an innate attraction towards effort minimization and that executive control is required to overcome this prepotent disposition. With sedentary behaviors increasing at the cost of millions of dollars spent in health care and productivity losses due to physical inactivity-related deaths, understanding the predictors of sedentary behaviors will improve future intervention development and precision medicine approaches. In 64 healthy older adults participating in a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention, we use neuroimaging (resting state functional connectivity), baseline measures of executive function and accelerometer measures of time spent sedentary to predict future changes in objectively measured time spent sedentary in daily life. Using cross-validation and bootstrap resampling, our results demonstrate that functional connectivity between 1) the anterior cingulate cortex and the supplementary motor area and 2) the right anterior insula and the left temporoparietal/temporooccipital junction, predict changes in time spent sedentary, whereas baseline cognitive, behavioral and demographic measures do not. Previous research has shown activation in and between the anterior cingulate and supplementary motor area as well as in the right anterior insula during effort avoidance and tasks that integrate motor costs and reward benefits in effort-based decision making. Our results add important knowledge toward understanding mechanistic associations underlying complex sedentary behaviors.

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“…Results showed that depleting affectively charged tasks induced the highest effect size. This research line comparing the effect of affectively charged stimuli and neutral stimuli could be initiated based on validated affectively charged tasks such as the emotional stop-signal task (Pawliczek et al, 2013), the affective set-shifting task (Mobbs et al, 2008), the affective go/nogo task (e.g., Carbine et al, 2017;Cheval et al, 2020), and the affective Stroop task (Johansson et al, 2005). Another avenue would be to test the domain-general depletion hypothesis, which states that an initial self-control depletion will affect any subsequent performance in an affectively charged task.…”

Section: Perspective 31: Preliminary Assessment Pre-testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From ego depletion to self-control fatigue: A review of criticisms along with new perspectives for the investigation and replication of a multicomponent phenomenon

Forestier¹,

Chanaleilles²,

Boisgontier³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The replication crisis in psychology has led to question popular psychological phenomena such as ego depletion, which has been criticized after studies failed to replicate. Here, we describe limitations in the literature that contributed to these failures and suggest how they may be addressed. At the theoretical level, the literature focuses on two out of at least eight identified auxiliary hypotheses. Thus, the majority of the hypotheses related to the three core assumptions of the ego-depletion theory have been overlooked, thereby preventing the rejection of the theory as a whole. At the experimental level, we argue that the low replicability of ego-depletion studies could be explained by the absence of a comprehensive, integrative, and falsifiable definition of self-control, which is central to the concept of ego depletion; by an unclear or absent distinction between ego depletion and mental fatigue, two phenomena that rely on different processes; and by the low validity of the tasks used to induce ego depletion. Finally, we make conceptual and practical suggestions for a more rigorous investigation of ego depletion, discuss the necessity to take into account its dynamic and multicomponent nature, and suggest using the term self-control fatigue instead.

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Higher inhibitory control is required to escape the innate attraction to effort minimization

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale

Resting State Functional Connectivity Predicts Future Changes in Sedentary Behavior

From ego depletion to self-control fatigue: A review of criticisms along with new perspectives for the investigation and replication of a multicomponent phenomenon

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