Higher inherent fearfulness potentiates the effects of chronic stress in the Japanese quail

Calandreau, Ludovic; Favreau-Peigné, Angélique; Bertin, Aline; Constantin, P.; Arnould, Cécile; Laurence, Agathe; Lumineau, Sophie; Houdelier, Cécilia; Richard‐Yris, Marie‐Annick; Boissy, Alain; Leterrier, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.010

Cited by 36 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Treated quail displayed more fear behaviour and less comfort behaviour than did control quail in the emergence test and CSP also tended to increase fear behaviour in the open-field test. So, in agreement with mammal and bird literature, CSP increased the fearfulness of quail confronted to novel and stressful situations (Marin et al, 2007;Calandreau et al, 2011). Furthermore, in the open-field test, EE increased fearfulness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Hence, genetic lines of poultry have been created in order to decrease feather pecking or fear, or to increase social motivation (Minvielle et al, 2002). Previous studies evidenced that chronic stress had fewer effects on the fearfulness and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response of quail selected for their low level of fearfulness than on that of quail selected for their high level of reactivity (Calandreau et al, 2011;Laurence et al, 2012). Another way to reduce stress and to improve animal welfare is environmental enrichment (EE), that is to say, to adapt the environment to the animals' behavioural needs instead of adapting the animals to captivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a Latin square design: with or without EE and with or without chronic stressors. This experimental design had two complementary goals: first, to assess the potential benefits of EE for Japanese quail housed in battery cages; second, to assess whether EE housing would alleviate CSP effects on the quail's behaviours shown previously (Calandreau et al, 2011;Laurence et al, 2012). We hypothesised that EE would reduce fearfulness and thus decrease the impact of the stressors applied during the chronic stress procedure (CSP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental enrichment reduces behavioural alterations induced by chronic stress in Japanese quail

Laurence

Houdelier

Calandreau

et al. 2015

Animal

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Animals perceiving repeated aversive events can become chronically stressed. Chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis can have deleterious consequences on physiological parameters (e.g. BW, blood chemistry) and behaviour (e.g. emotional reactivity, stereotypies, cognition). Environmental enrichment (EE) can be a mean to reduce animal stress and to improve welfare. The aim of this study was first, to assess the effects of EE in battery cages on the behaviour of young Japanese quail and second, to evaluate the impact of EE on quail exposed to chronic stress. The experiment involved quail housed in EE cages and submitted or not to a chronic stress procedure (CSP) (EE cages, control quail: n = 16, CSP quail: n = 14) and quail housed in standard cages and exposed or not to the CSP (standard non-EE cages, control quail: n = 12, CSP quail: n = 16). Our procedure consisted of repeated aversive events (e.g. ventilators, delaying access to food, physical restraint, noise) presented two to five times per 24 h, randomly, for 15 days. During CSP, EE improved quail's welfare as their stereotypic pacing decreased and they rested more. CSP decreased exploration in all quail. After the end of CSP, quail presented increased emotional reactivity in emergence test. However, the effect of EE varied with test. Finally, chronic stress effects on comfort behaviours in the emergence test were alleviated by EE. These results indicate that EE can alleviate some aspects of behavioural alterations induced by CSP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental enrichment reduces behavioural alterations induced by chronic stress in Japanese quail

Laurence

Houdelier

Calandreau

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…As shown recently, DEX administration produces large amounts of reactive species and is suggested to induce oxidative stress after treatment of broiler (Gao et al, 2010) and laying hens (El-Habbak et al, 2005;Eid et al, 2008). Many researches have been provided important information about how birds are affected by the elevated plasma corticosterone levels that occur during chronic stress (Calandreau et al, 2011;Gao et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2004). However, it is unclear that can reproductive and physiological function of male birds be permanently affected by chronic stress, or male birds can quickly recover from the deleterious consequences of sustained elevation in blood corticosterone concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Chronic Dexamethasone Administration on Reproductive Parameters and Semen Traits in Male of Japanese Quail

Hanafy¹,

Khalil²

2015

Asian J. of Poultry Science

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The present study was conducted to determine the effects of chronic Dexamethasone (DEX) administration on physiological traits and semen characteristics in male Japanese quail breeders. Forty five 20 week old male quail were distributed into 3 experimental groups. All groups were fed on the same basal diet and administered with different levels of DEX, at 0 (as a control group), 0.25 and 0.50 mg/bird/day orally for 14 consecutive days. Body weight, feed intake, cloacal gland area and fertility percentage were recorded. Also, male genital organs were investigated and semen characteristics were estimated at the end and after 28 days of administration ended. Serum testosterone and corticosterone levels were analyzed by ELISA. The results revealed that, there were no significant effects of ingested DEX at different levels on body weight, feed intake and testes weight of the male Japanese quail breeders. However, the administration of DEX at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/bird decreased significantly cloacal gland area, foam production, sperm motility and viability and testosterone level. Also, treatments with DEX increased Time of Sexual Libido (TSL), Methylene Blue Reaction Time (MBRT) and serum corticosterone level compared with control group. Also, significant decrease in fertility percentage was observed after male exposure to DEX. Even after 4 weeks from administration ended, libido and sperm motility were significantly impaired. Also, significant negative correlations were found between serum corticosterone level and most studied traits. Our results indicated that chronic DEX administration had markedly effects on the reproductive performance of male quail for several weeks even after exposure to a stressors ends.

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“…Calandreau et al (2011) and Doyle et al (2011) suggest that this lack of change in fearfulness is due to inefficiency of the experimental treatment in significantly inducing a negative emotional experience. Interestingly, Ladewig (2000) asserts that unpredictable and uncontrollable exposure to various aversive events should be repeated to induce a chronic stress state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events alters fearfulness in sheep

Destrez

Deiss

Leterrier

et al. 2013

Animal

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Numerous studies have investigated the emotional effects of various acute, potentially alarming events in animals, but little is known about how an accumulation of emotional experiences affects fearfulness. Fearfulness is a temperament trait that characterizes the propensity of an individual to be frightened by a variety of alarming events. The aim of this study was to investigate a putative alteration of fearfulness in sheep repeatedly exposed to various aversive events. Forty-eight 5-month-old female lambs were used. Over a period of 6 weeks, 24 of them (treated group) were exposed daily to various unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events related to predatory cues, social context and negative handling that can occur under farming conditions. The other 24 lambs (control group) were housed in standard farming conditions (predictable food distribution and group handling). Fearfulness (behavioural and physiological responses) was assessed before and after the treatment period by subjecting the lambs to three standardized tests: individual exposure to suddenness and then to novelty in a test arena, and group exposure to a motionless human in the home pen. As biomarkers of stress, leukocyte counts, heart rate and cortisol concentrations were measured in the lambs in their home pens. Before the treatment, the emotional responses of the groups did not differ. After the treatment, treated lambs approached the human less often, had less contact with the novel object and vocalized more than controls in individual tests, suggesting that long-term exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events increases subsequent fearfulness in sheep. In addition, treated lambs had lower leukocyte counts, heart rate and cortisol levels, pointing to a chronic stress state. These findings suggest that increased fearfulness may be used as a sign of chronic stress in farm animals.

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Higher inherent fearfulness potentiates the effects of chronic stress in the Japanese quail

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Environmental enrichment reduces behavioural alterations induced by chronic stress in Japanese quail

Environmental enrichment reduces behavioural alterations induced by chronic stress in Japanese quail

Influence of Chronic Dexamethasone Administration on Reproductive Parameters and Semen Traits in Male of Japanese Quail

Long-term exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events alters fearfulness in sheep

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