Higher Education in the United States and Brazil: How the Two Systems Origins Shaped Their Further Development

Oliven, Arabela Campos

doi:10.4236/ce.2014.518184

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These Schools, called Faculdades, had a highly elitist purpose. They were not part of a university [Oliven, 2014].…”

Section: Doimentioning

confidence: 99%

African-Brazilians and Natives in an Elite University: The Impact of Affirmative Action on Students in Brazil

Oliven¹,

Bello²

2016

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Abstract. The best Brazilian universities are public, free of charge, and highly selective. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many public universities began to allocate places on all of their courses to underrepresented groups. The targets of these affirmative action policies were usually African-Brazilian and Native students coming from public schools. This article introduces data on Brazil's higher education system since its early beginnings: its expansion, the segmentation between public and private sectors, and the elitist character of its public universities. It points out the specificities of race relations in the country since the arrival of the Portuguese, and the historical context that favored the introduction of inclusion policies in public universities. It then deploys qualitative data in order to present the experiences of African-Brazilians and Natives who entered one elite university -the Federal University do Rio Grande do Sulthrough affirmative action policies. This university is located in the South of the country, in the region that has the highest percentage of white people amongst the general population. The analysis focuses on the educational trajectory, family support and expectations, race relations in the university, resilience processes, and one group of racial quota students' plans for the future. By reporting on this pioneering experience, the importance of diversity in the student body and the challenges the university has to tackle in order to face this new reality are highlighted. Keywords: university students, affirmative action, racial quotas, resilience, elite university, Brazilian higher education, diversity in the university. 10.17323/1814-9545-2016-2-259-285 Higher education developed late in Brazil. Unlike Spain, which in the sixteenth century created five universities in its American dominions, Portugal avoided the establishment of university courses in its over- DOI:

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“…These Schools, called Faculdades, had a highly elitist purpose. They were not part of a university [Oliven, 2014].…”

Section: Doimentioning

confidence: 99%

African-Brazilians and Natives in an Elite University: The Impact of Affirmative Action on Students in Brazil

Oliven¹,

Bello²

2016

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“…Brazil followed the French grands écoles premises of the Napoleonic concept, with higher education institutions being guided and monitored by the central government (Lucchesi, 2011;Oliven, 2014). The main function of this model was to meet the nation's need for specialized professional services.…”

Section: Higher Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Notes on Psychology in Brazil: The Creation, Growth and Sustenance of Postgraduate Education

Gomes

Fradkin

2015

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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This article presents a brief overview of the history of psychology in Brazil. It highlights how the Brazilian Association of Research and Postgraduate Studies in Psychology (ANPEPP -Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Psicologia) has fulfilled its mission of fostering discussion on scientific policy and stimulating interchange among researchers. First, it provides a retrospect of ANPEPP meetings, considering both: 1) the thematic working groups, which have served to bring together researchers, and to inspire the emergence of thematic associations and journals; 2) the discussion forums, which have contributed in the critical review of scientific policy, and the mission of postgraduate studies. Second, it focuses on the history of psychology in Brazil, from colonial times to the recent national commitment to postgraduate studies. The paper argues that the plans and strategies led by national funding agencies have been successful and that their results are evidenced by the role played by Brazil in the international arena, both in scientific production and the training of its researchers. By sustaining current policies, it seems certain that, even with the oscillations in the national economy, postgraduate education will grow steadily in its advance of the psychological sciences; and will be working towards a better quality of life, social justice and ecological sustainability. Keywords: ANPEPP, CAPES, CNPq, history of psychology, postgraduate studies, Brazil. ResumoO artigo apresenta breve resenha da história da psicologia no Brasil para ressaltar como a ANPE-PP -Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Psicologia tem respondido à missão de fomentar o debate em políticas científicas e estimular o intercâmbio entre pesquisadores. O artigo traz um retrospecto das reuniões da ANPEPP, destacando ambos: 1) os grupos de trabalho temáticos, os quais têm servido para agregar pesquisadores e inspirar o surgimento de associações temáticas e revistas; 2) os fóruns de discussão, os quais têm contribuído para a revisão crítica de políticas científicas e da missão da pós-graduação. A seguir, a atenção se volta à história da psicologia no Brasil, dos tempos coloniais aos recentes planos nacionais para a pós-graduação. A ideia é ressaltar a inserção da pós-graduação na cultura universitária brasileira. Argumenta que os planos e estratégias oriundas das agências de fomento têm obtido bons resultados, evidenciados pelo papel que o Brasil ocupa no cenário internacional, em produção científica e formação de pesquisadores. Mantendo essas políticas, é certo que apesar de oscilações na economia nacional, a pós-graduação está caminhando em passos firmes para o avanço da ciência psicológica e trabalhando em favor da qualidade de vida, da justiça social e da sustentabilidade. Palavras-chave: ANPEPP, CAPES, CNPq, história da psicologia, pós-graduação, Brasil.

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Inclusion Policies in Brazilian Elite Universities

Oliven¹

2015

Mitigating Inequality: Higher Education Research, Policy, and Practice in an Era of Massification and Stratification

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Higher Education in the United States and Brazil: How the Two Systems Origins Shaped Their Further Development

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

African-Brazilians and Natives in an Elite University: The Impact of Affirmative Action on Students in Brazil

African-Brazilians and Natives in an Elite University: The Impact of Affirmative Action on Students in Brazil

Historical Notes on Psychology in Brazil: The Creation, Growth and Sustenance of Postgraduate Education

Inclusion Policies in Brazilian Elite Universities

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