Higher Dietary Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Associated with Better Body Composition in the Adult Population of Newfoundland, Canada

Gao, Xiang; Wang, Yongbo; Randell, Edward; Pedram, Pardis; Yi, Yanqing; Gulliver, Wayne; Sun, Guang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155403

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In humans, a few studies have associated obesity and diabetes with altered choline metabolite status, such as lower circulating choline and betaine [the oxidized metabolite of choline] concentrations with higher body mass index [BMI] and total body fat in men [37], and lower betaine concentrations in women with GDM [38]. Higher choline and betaine intake were also correlated with better body composition and lower insulin resistance in the population of Newfoundland, Canada [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring

et al. 2020

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Maternal obesity increases the risk of metabolic dysregulation in rodent offspring, especially when offspring are exposed to a high-fat (HF), obesogenic diet later in life. We previously demonstrated that maternal choline supplementation (MCS) in HF-fed mouse dams during gestation prevents fetal overgrowth and excess adiposity. In this study, we examined the long-term metabolic influence of MCS. C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet with or without choline supplementation prior to and during gestation. After weaning, their pups were exposed to either a HF or control diet for 6 weeks before measurements. Prenatal and post-weaning dietary treatments led to sexually dimorphic responses. In male offspring, while post-weaning HF led to impaired fasting glucose and worse glucose tolerance (p < 0.05), MCS in HF dams (HFCS) attenuated these changes. HFCS (versus maternal normal fat control) appeared to improve metabolic functioning of visceral adipose tissue during post-weaning HF feeding, preventing the elevation in leptin and increasing (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) that promotes peripheral insulin signaling in male offspring. In contrast, MCS had minimal effects on metabolic outcomes of female offspring. In conclusion, MCS during HF feeding in mice improves long-term blood glucose homeostasis in male offspring when they are faced with a postnatal obesogenic environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring

et al. 2020

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“…Decreased hepatic PC in mice (Walkey et al, 1998;Ozcan et al, 2004;Li et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2011) and dietary deficiency of choline in humans are both associated with hepatic steatosis (Buchman et al, 1995;Gao et al, 2016). Initially, we subjected young adult worms to pmt-2 RNAi for 2 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid bilayer stress-activated IRE-1 modulates autophagy during endoplasmic reticulum stress

Koh

Wang

Beaudoin‐Chabot

et al. 2018

Journal of Cell Science

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Metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are emerging as epidemics that affect the global population. One facet of these disorders is attributed to the disturbance of membrane lipid composition. Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through alteration in membrane phospholipids activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and causes dramatic transcriptional and translational changes in the cell. To restore cellular homeostasis, the three highly conserved UPR transducers ATF6, IRE1 (also known as ERN1 in mammals) and PERK (also known as EIF2AK3 in mammals) mediate adaptive responses upon ER stress. The homeostatic UPR cascade is well characterised under conditions of proteotoxic stress, but much less so under lipid bilayer stress-induced UPR. Here, we show that disrupted phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans causes lipid bilayer stress, lipid droplet accumulation and ER stress induction. Transcriptional profiling of PC-deficient worms revealed a unique subset of genes regulated in a UPR-dependent manner that is independent from proteotoxic stress. Among these, we show that autophagy is modulated through the conserved IRE-1-XBP-1 axis, strongly suggesting of the importance of autophagy in maintaining cellular homeostasis during the lipid bilayer stress-induced UPR.

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“…BET also affects carnitine metabolism in muscle and liver in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice . A recent study showed that higher BET intake is associated with lower body fat and higher lean mass in females and males …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Fat Diet, Betaine, and Polydextrose Induce Changes in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice

Airaksinen

Jokkala

Ahonen³

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope High‐fat diets are a likely cause of low‐grade inflammation and obesity‐related pathologies. This study measures the effects of a high‐fat diet, in combination with two dietary supplements—betaine and polydextrose—on metabolism and inflammation in the adipose tissue of diet‐induced obese mice. Methods and Results Forty male C57BL/6J mice are fed a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks and compared with low‐fat‐diet‐fed control animals (n = 10). For the last 4 weeks, the high‐fat‐diet‐fed animals are supplemented with 1% betaine, 3.33% polydextrose, their combination, or plain water. Fat depots from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are analyzed for inflammatory markers and nontargeted metabolomics by quantitative PCR and LC–QTOF‐MS. The high‐fat diet significantly increases adipose tissue inflammation in both fat depots. By metabolic profiling, clear differences are noted between low‐fat‐diet and high‐fat‐diet groups with regard to the levels of several metabolite species—primarily carnitines, lipids, and amino acids. Dietary betaine mitigates the high‐fat‐diet‐induced IL‐6 expression and significantly increases betaine and butyrobetaine levels in adipose tissue. Conclusions The high‐fat diet induces patent changes in carnitine and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. Betaine supplementation elevates the levels of betaine and its derivatives and certain carnitine species, as reported in muscle and liver, and moderately reduces inflammation.

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Higher Dietary Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Associated with Better Body Composition in the Adult Population of Newfoundland, Canada

Cited by 62 publications

References 68 publications

Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring

Prenatal Choline Supplementation during High-Fat Feeding Improves Long-Term Blood Glucose Control in Male Mouse Offspring

Lipid bilayer stress-activated IRE-1 modulates autophagy during endoplasmic reticulum stress

High‐Fat Diet, Betaine, and Polydextrose Induce Changes in Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolism in C57BL/6J Mice

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