Higher circulating levels of chemokine CCL22 in patients with breast cancer: evaluation of the influences of tumor stage and chemokine gene polymorphism

Abstract

The receptor for CCL22 is named CCR4 that preferentially is expressed on the regulatory T cells (Treg), and accordingly, CCL22 acts as a chemoattractant for the intratumoral Treg migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum CCL22 levels and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in chemokine gene, [2030 G/C (rs223818)], in patients with breast cancer. Blood samples were collected from 100 women with breast cancer before receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy and 100 age-matched healthy women as a control group. The serum CCL22 levels were measured by ELISA. The DNA extracted and the SNP rs223818 determined by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. The mean serum CCL22 levels in patients with breast cancer (2398.5 ± 123 Pg/mL) was significantly higher in comparison to healthy control group (974.2 ± 39.9 Pg/mL; P < 0.001). According to the tumor stages, the mean serum levels of CCL22 were 999.8 ± 85.0 Pg/mL in stage I, 1718.8 ± 82.3 Pg/mL in stage II, 2846.8 ± 118.0 Pg/mL in stage III, and 3954.5 ± 245.2 Pg/mL in stage IV. There was significant difference between tumor stages regarding the serum CCL22 levels (P < 0.001). In patients with breast cancer, the frequencies of CC genotype (63%) and C allele (79%) at rs223818 were significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (31 and 52%, respectively; P < 0.001). In both patients and control groups, the mean serum levels of CCL22 in subjects with CC genotype or C allele at rs223818 were also significantly higher as compared to subjects with GG genotype or G allele (P < 0.001). Higher serum CCL22 levels were observed in patients with breast cancer that is increased with advanced stages. These findings represent that the CCL22 may contribute in tumor development. The CC genotype and C allele at rs223818 were more frequent in breast cancer patients. The serum CCL22 levels were affected by genetic variations at SNP rs223818. Accordingly, SNP rs223818 may play a role in the susceptibility to breast cancer.

Melanoma growth effects on molecular clearance from tumors and biodistribution into systemic tissues versus draining lymph nodes

“…In numerous cancer types including melanoma [7], breast carcinoma [31-33], and prostate carcinoma [34], amongst others [35, 36], circulating inflammatory cytokine [34], chemokine [32, 37], enzyme [31], exosome [7], and/or microvesicle [35] levels and qualities are altered relative to healthy controls and with respect to disease stage in both patients and pre-clinical tumor models. These changes have been attributed to both higher production of such factors within the tumor [14, 31, 37] and extratumoral host tissue response to tumor growth [38].…”

Association between functional polymorphisms in IL‐33/ST2 pathway and risk of osteosarcoma

“…Clinical studies investigating the expression of IL‐33 levels in cancer have yielded conflicting results. Some authors reported a highly expressed concentration of IL‐33 in serum and tumour tissues of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of tongue . The higher IL‐33 expression predicted a worse prognosis and progression‐free survival after chemotherapy .…”

MDC and BLC are independently associated with the significant risk of early stage lung adenocarcinoma

“…There is evidence that MDC was up-regulated in some tumor entities, suggesting its oncogenic potentials [27, 28]. The down-regulation of MDC in turn suggested its tumor suppressive potentials [29].…”