Higher Childhood Red Meat Intake Frequency Is Associated with Earlier Age at Menarche

Jansen, Erica C.; Marín, Constanza; Mora‐Plazas, Mercedes; Villamor, Eduardo

doi:10.3945/jn.115.226456

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Of note, intake at age 10 years was not related to menarche, which could indicate an age-specific effect. In the Bogotá School Children Cohort, red meat intake at 8 years of age, on average, was inversely related to age at menarche among 456 girls (47). Girls who consumed red meat at least twice daily had a statistically significant, adjusted 64% higher probability of menarche during follow-up compared with girls with red meat intake frequency at <4 times per week.…”

Section: Childhood Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 95%

Nutritional Determinants of the Timing of Puberty

Villamor

Jansen

2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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The timing of puberty has important public health, clinical, and social implications. The plasticity of sexual development onset could be a mechanism that adapts to prevailing environmental conditions. Early-life nutrition may provide cues for the environment's suitability for reproduction. This review focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the role of diet in the timing of sexual maturation. Population-based observational studies consistently indicate that childhood obesity is related to the earlier onset of puberty in girls. Similarly, intake of animal foods has been associated with earlier sexual development, whereas vegetable protein intake is related to delayed maturation. Evidence for prenatal nutrition, infant feeding practices, and childhood intake of fat, carbohydrate, and micronutrients is inconsistent. Secondary analyses of prenatal and early-life randomized nutritional interventions with extended follow-up through peripubertal years would help clarify the role of nutrition in the timing of sexual maturation.

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Section: Childhood Protein Intakementioning

confidence: 95%

Nutritional Determinants of the Timing of Puberty

Villamor

Jansen

2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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“…Total dietary fat consumption may lead to earlier menarche, although there are inconsistencies in the literature, and the specific type of fat (animal, polyunsaturated, etc.) may impact the association [100, 101]. Dietary protein was associated with earlier onset of the pubertal growth spurt, age at peak height velocity, and menarche/voice break, and may be related to enhanced IGF secretion [102].…”

Section: Obesity and Pubertal Onset And Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative Effects of Obesity on Linear Growth and Puberty

Shalitin

Kieß²

2017

Horm Res Paediatr

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Childhood obesity is a major public health problem that has grown to epidemic proportions throughout the world. Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The nutritional status plays an important role in growth and body weight regulation. Excess adiposity during childhood can affect the process of growth and puberty. Obese children are frequently tall for their age, with accelerated epiphyseal growth plate maturation despite low growth hormone levels. Several regulatory hormones may affect the process of linear growth in the constellation of obesity, as high levels of insulin and leptin are observed in obese children. Leptin can act as a skeletal growth factor, with a direct effect on skeletal growth centers. The finding that overweight children, especially girls, tend to mature earlier than lean children has led to the hypothesis that the degree of body fatness may trigger the neuroendocrine events that lead to the onset of puberty. Leptin receptors have been identified in the hypothalamus, as well as in gonadotrope cells, ovarian follicular cells, and Leydig cells. The increased leptin and androgen levels seen in obese children may be implicated in their earlier onset of puberty and accelerated pubertal growth. This review is focused on the interaction between childhood obesity and growth and pubertal processes.

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“…18,[44][45][46] The associations between diet and the onset of menses were evaluated but were not shown to be confounders or mediators, in contrast to some previous evidence. 15 Higher animal protein intakes in mid-childhood were associated with earlier menarche in two contemporaneous cohorts in Germany, 47 the United Kingdom, 48 Colombia, 49 and Iran, 50 while vegetable protein intakes were positively associated with menarcheal age in the same German cohort. 47 A study from a smaller sample in Boston, Massachusetts reported similar results for (energy-adjusted) animal and vegetable protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, they will allow inclusion of the Ethiopian sample (also part of the YL study) where, at round 4, almost no girl had experienced menarche. An additional limitation to the present study is that age at menarche was only reported in years, as in several previous studies, 22,23,41,[48][49][50] and no other information, such as date or month of menarche, was elicited, in contrast to longitudinal cohort studies from the Philippines 18 and Australia. 23 Information about the month and year of the first menstrual period would have allowed for the estimation of menarcheal age in months, which in turn would have enhanced the accuracy of our estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%