Higher Autumn Temperatures Lead to Contrasting CO<sub>2</sub> Flux Responses in Boreal Forests Versus Tundra and Shrubland

Randazzo, Nina A.; Michalak, A. M.; Miller, Charles E.; Miller, Scot M.; Shiga, Y. P.; Fang, Yuanyuan

doi:10.1029/2021gl093843

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…A previous study showed that the temperature change ranges tolerated by ecosystems in cold regions are 1 K lower than those of temperate ecosystems (Heyder et al., 2011), meaning that the increased average temperature likely exceeds the safe temperature boundary of ecosystems in cold regions. It is widely recognized that increased temperatures appropriately prolong the growing season and increase the productivity of regional ecosystem (Gao et al., 2020; Randazzo et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2016); however, the threat to ecosystem resilience posed by increased temperature tends to be ignored. Therefore, we call for more attention to be paid to the hazards of increased temperature to the structural and functional stability of boreal ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetation growth in temperate region has been shown to be closely related to the interannual variability of the growth‐season temperature (Wu et al., 2017). This is mainly due to the fact that temperature variability impacts hydrothermal conditions (e.g., snow cover, melting and evapotranspiration), phenology, and carbon‐cycle processes (photosynthesis and respiration) (Monteith, 1981; Randazzo et al., 2021; Teuling et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2016). Increased temperature variability means more frequent extreme cold or extreme heat events, which are detrimental to the physiological activity of vegetation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Yao,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Terrestrial ecosystem resilience is crucial for maintaining the structural and functional stability of ecosystems following disturbances. However, changes in resilience over the past few decades and the risk of future resilience loss under ongoing climate change are unclear. Here, we identified resilience trends using two remotely sensed vegetation indices, analyzed the relative importance of potential driving factors to resilience changes, and finally assessed the risk of future resilience loss based on the output data of eight models from CMIP6. The results revealed that more than 60% of the ecosystems experienced a conversion from an increased trend to a declined trend in resilience. Attribution analysis showed that the most important driving factors of declined resilience varied regionally. The declined trends in resilience were associated with increased precipitation variability in the tropics, decreased vegetation cover in arid region, increased temperature variability in temperate regions, and increased average temperature in cold regions. CMIP6 reveals that terrestrial ecosystems under SPP585 are expected to experience more intense declines in resilience than those under SSP126 and SSP245, particularly in cold regions. These results highlight the risk of continued degradation of ecosystem resilience in the future and the urgency of climate mitigation actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Yao,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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“…Carbon dioxide uptake reaches its maximum during the summer months (June to August) and gradually ceases in fall with diminishing daylength and decreasing air temperature. Thus, annual NEE across the boreal biome is in uenced by the length of photosynthetically active period, which in turn, is affected by landscape freeze-thaw status [9][10][11][12] . Earlier spring thaw and delayed onset of autumn freeze have contrasting effects on the annual carbon balance of boreal forests 7,13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four decades increase in gross photosynthesis of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration

Pulliainen

Aurela

Vesala

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Changes in the net carbon sink of boreal forests constitute a major source of uncertainty in the future global carbon budget and hence climate change projections1. The annual net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) controlling the terrestrial carbon stock is the result of the small difference between respiratory CO2 release and the photosynthetic CO2 uptake by vegetation2. The boreal forest, and the boreal biome in general, is regarded as a persistent and even an increasing net carbon sink3,4. However, decreases in photosynthetic CO2 uptake and/or concurrent increases in respiratory CO2 release under a changing climate may turn boreal forests from a net sink to a net source of CO21. Here, we assessed the dynamics of boreal forest net CO2 sink-source strength and its components from 1981 to 2018. Our remote sensing approach - trained by net CO2 flux observations at eddy covariance sites across the circumpolar boreal forests - employs satellite-derived retrievals of snow melt timing, landscape freeze-thaw status, and yearly maximum estimates of the normalized difference vegetation index as a proxy for peak vegetation productivity. Our results for the period 1981-2018 suggest that the mean annual evergreen boreal forest CO2 sink was 0.4 Pg C y-1 (0.3 Pg C y-1 for Eurasia and 0.2 Pg C y-1 for North America). In contrast to earlier investigations3,4 our results do not indicate an increasing trend in the circumpolar evergreen boreal forest CO2 sink, as the increase in CO2 uptake is compensated by increasing respiratory releases with both components of CO2 sink-source strength showing considerable interannual variabilities.

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Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

Arndt,

Hashemi,

Natali

et al. 2023

Curr Clim Change Rep

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Purpose of Review While previously thought to be negligible, carbon emissions during the non-growing season (NGS) can be a substantial part of the annual carbon budget in the Arctic boreal zone (ABZ), which can shift the carbon balance of these ecosystems from a long-held annual carbon sink towards a net annual carbon source. The purpose of this review is to summarize NGS carbon dioxide (CO2) flux research in the ABZ that has been published within the past 5 years. Recent Findings We explore the processes and magnitudes of CO2 fluxes, and the status of modeling efforts, and evaluate future directions. With technological advances, direct measurements of NGS fluxes are increasing at sites across the ABZ over the past decade, showing ecosystems in the ABZ are a large source of CO2 in the shoulder seasons, with low, consistent, winter emissions. Summary Ecosystem carbon cycling models are being improved with some challenges, such as modeling below ground and snow processes, which are critical to understanding NGS CO2 fluxes. A lack of representative in situ carbon flux data and gridded environmental data are leading limiting factors preventing more accurate predictions of NGS carbon fluxes.

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Higher Autumn Temperatures Lead to Contrasting CO₂ Flux Responses in Boreal Forests Versus Tundra and Shrubland

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Four decades increase in gross photosynthesis of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration

Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

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Higher Autumn Temperatures Lead to Contrasting CO2 Flux Responses in Boreal Forests Versus Tundra and Shrubland

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience

Four decades increase in gross photosynthesis of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration

Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone

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Higher Autumn Temperatures Lead to Contrasting CO₂ Flux Responses in Boreal Forests Versus Tundra and Shrubland