High-yield halide-assisted synthesis of metal–organic framework UiO-based nanocarriers

Abstract

The synthesis of nanosized metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) is requisite for their application as injectable drug delivery systems (DDSs) and other biorelevant purposes.

Nanosized metal–organic frameworks as unique platforms for bioapplications

“…4 ). 33 Our findings confirmed that by using halides, especially chloride, as co-modulators the production of UiO-66-NH 2 and UiO-66 with defined geometries and nanosize is possible.…”

“…17–20% w/w for all the synthesized NPs. 33 These values show the efficiency of this method to encapsulate the cargo in a post-synthetic method.…”

“… 96 For example, we evaluated the in vitro toxicity of the UiO-66-NH 2 samples using the resazurin test in A549 adenocarcinoma cells. 33 With concentrations of up to 100 μg Zr mL −1 , the results showed no significant toxicity for any sample after 24 h. In addition, we studied the cellular uptake by flow cytometry using two different concentration metrics, one based on the particles’ molarity (25 pM) and using equal Zr amount (2.5 μg Zr mL −1 ). For the samples at 25 pM, the results showed variations in the cell uptake for different sizes of the particles, proving the effect of the size on the fate of the nanocarriers.…”

“…Recently, we studied the stability and toxicity of NMOFs from the UiO family (UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH 2 ) using different synthetic parameters confirming their high stability, biocompatibility, and reduced toxicity. 33 Before the in vitro toxicity assays, the stability of the particles was evaluated in four different media: milli Q water, lysosomal medium (phagolysosomal simulated fluid (PSF), 0.02 M and pH 5), complete cell media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS)) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 0.1 M, pH 7.4), showing good stability for all cases except for some aggregation of the particles in PBS, resulting in an increment in the effective diameter after 1 h. Fig. 12b shows the stability of these NMOF in aqueous solution and in lysosomal medium.…”

A universal strategy for efficient synthesis of Zr‐based MOF nanoparticles for enhanced water adsorption

“…16,[24][25][26][27] The unique structure and performance advantages make it a potential material for a broad range of applications. [28][29][30][31] To obtain Zr-MOF nanoparticles (NPs), many techniques have been used, including microwave, 32 microemulsion strategy, 33 modulated synthesis, [34][35][36] and mechanochemical synthesis. 37 However, these methods often require complex control conditions, and have problems such as long reaction time, low yield, and large size distribution.…”