High-voltage substations with rigid conductors — Full-scale short-circuit tests and comparative FEM studies on connections with so-called elbow bends —

Estimation of Short Circuit Duration for the Assessment of Dynamic Effects in Distribution Substations with Flexible Conductors

“…Research centers around the world have already been interested in studying the phenomenon of electrodynamic interactions for short overhead spans in switching stations. Calculation of the dynamic effects in power distribution substations with flexible conductors has been discussed by many authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In the nineties, the issue was also addressed by CIGRÉ.…”

“…The authors presented a closed-form equation defining the simplified 2D short circuit force time history during a fault and a computationally inexpensive numerical 3D force calculation technique. In reference [3] Stein et al presented the results of studies showing a simplified approach to short circuit strength assessment. The authors presented the results of short circuit tests and compared them with the FEM calculations for four representative 100 kV conductor arrangements.…”

“…For example, the increase in short circuit power in an electric power system entails the need to adapt the power distribution substation to new short circuit conditions. Therefore, calculations of dynamic effects in power distribution substations are an important element of short circuit analyses [1][2][3].…”