High‐Voltage and Fast‐Charge Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and fastcharge capability are urgently required for the ever-growing demands for electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve this demand, as one of the important components, electrolytes are required to work well at a high voltage to fulfill the good performance of high energy density batteries and facilitate the fast-charge process. In this review, we mainly focus on the electrolytes design for LIBs under high-voltage and fast-charge conditions. The bottlenecks and the typical resolving strategies referring to lithium salts, solvents, solid electrolyte interface, additives and solvent structures in electrolytes are presented in detail. Finally, we propose the challenges regarding electrolytes design insight and inspiration for LIBs under the two conditions to give a better guide for the rationale design of the high energy density and fast-charge devices in the future applications.

Unlocking fast‐charging capabilities of lithium‐ion batteries through liquid electrolyte engineering

“…[114][115][116] A nonuniform SEI may cause uneven lithiation/delithiation and rapid growth of lithium dendrites, leading to battery failure. [117][118][119] In addition, the electronic insulation of the SEI mitigates further electrolyte reduction on the anode surface, whereas its ion-conductive nature provides paths for desirable Li + ion intercalation. 120 Hence, understanding the Li + ion transport mechanism and the characteristics of the SEI is crucial for enhancing the fast-charging capabilities of batteries.…”

“…The formation of an insoluble SEI is crucial for inhibiting the loss of active lithium and reducing irreversible capacity generation 114–116 . A nonuniform SEI may cause uneven lithiation/delithiation and rapid growth of lithium dendrites, leading to battery failure 117–119 . In addition, the electronic insulation of the SEI mitigates further electrolyte reduction on the anode surface, whereas its ion‐conductive nature provides paths for desirable Li + ion intercalation 120 .…”

Perspective on Recent Advances of Functional Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…The electrolyte, an important component of a battery, usually consists of salts, functional additives, and solvents. For any electrolyte, it is essential to satisfy internal mass and charge transport and fast ionic transport when used in batteries. − The electrolyte is in contact with all of the components within the battery. When charged to a high voltage, the electrolyte is oxidized and decomposed at the positive electrode to form a cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI).…”