High Vitamin D Consumption Is Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in an Urban Mexican Population

Abstract

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is a major global public health problem. Recent epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between vitamin D and multiple outcomes, including cardiovascular disease. However, this evidence is limited and inconclusive. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and cardiovascular disease risk in adult Mexican population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis with the baseline data from 6294 men and women aged 20–80 years participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical history factors were collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated by using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Cardiovascular disease risk was calculated using a recalibration of the Framingham heart disease prediction score. To evaluate the association between vitamin D intake and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 6294 subjects (1820 men and 4474 women) with a mean age of 42 years, were included. Of these, subjects in the highest quintile of vitamin D intake presented lower levels of triglycerides 14.6 mg/dL (P for trend = 0.001); 2.0 cm less in waist circumference (P for trend = 0.001) and 0.8 points less in the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score (P for trend = 0.002) compared with the subjects in the lower quintile of vitamin D intake. Additionally, participants in the highest quintile of vitamin D consumption were less likely to develop elevated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk, compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.33, 0.77; P for trend = 0.007).ConclusionOur data suggest that higher consumption of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in Mexican population.

Vitamin D – dietary intake, supplementation and metabolic status of Polish adults.

“…Several studies have shown that subjects with the adequate serum 25(OH)D concentration and high vitamin D intake have a more favorable lipid profile than those with vitamin D deficiency [3,22,41,[43][44][45][46]. The most often observed changes include a vitamin D-induced decrease in triglycerides and an increase in HDL-C.…”

“…Its few food sources include: fatty fish, eggs, fortified beverages and dairy products [1]. This prohormone has various functions in the human body, including bone mineralization, modulation of cell growth, regulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption from the gut, adjustment of the immunological system, and reduction of inflammation [2][3][4]. Therefore, it not only plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skeletal disorders but its impact on the risk of metabolic abnormalities also deserves special attention.…”

“…There has been increasing interest in proving the crucial role of vitamin D in the etiology of chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes [5,6]. Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D may prevent cardiovascular diseases and risk factors of metabolic syndrome [3,[7][8][9][10]. Nevertheless, the results of clinical trials are inconclusive [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…In most, but not all [17][18][19] studies, vitamin D supplements have had a beneficial effect on the blood glucose level, lipids, body fat mass, blood pressure and oxidative stress mediators [20,21]. Interestingly, most studies have been conducted in western and tropical countries, where exposure to sunlight is significant [3,4,10,16,22]. Little is known about the relationship between vitamin D intake and metabolic profiles in countries with relatively low insolation.…”

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Association with Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Women of Reproductive Age

“…A recent cohort study in Mexico documented an inverse association between VD intake and cardiovascular risk factors among adults; however, the sample was not nationally representative and 25-OH-D levels were not measured [23]. In addition, most international reports on the relationship between VDD and cardiovascular risks have not addressed several cardiovascular risks together, and few research efforts have focused on young and/or non-pregnant women [6].…”