High Verdet Constant Glass for Magnetic Field Sensors

Abstract

Due to the high transparency, high Verdet constant, as well as easy processing properties, rare-earth ion-doped glasses have demonstrated great potential in magneto-optical (MO) applications. However, the variation in the valence state of rare-earth ions (Tb 3+ to Tb 4+ ) resulted in the decreased effective concentration of the paramagnetic ions and thus degraded MO performance. Here, a strategy was proposed to inhibit the oxidation of Tb 3+ into Tb 4+ as well as improve the thermal stability by tuning the optical basicity of glass networks. Moreover, the depolymerization of the glass network was modulated to accommodate more Tb ions. Thus, a record high effective concentration (14.19 × 10 21 / cm 3 ) of Tb ions in glass was achieved, generating a high Verdet constant of 113 rad/(T•m) at 650 nm. Lastly, the first application of MO glass for magnetic field sensors was demonstrated, achieving a sensitivity of 0.139 rad/T. We hope our work provides guidance for the fabrication of MO glass with high performance and thermal stability and could push MO glass one step further for magnetic sensing applications.

Design, Growth, and Characterization of High Verdet Constant Magneto-Optical Crystal in Cubic Oxide System Tb2O3/Y2O3/ZrO2 Crystal with Enhanced Laser-Induced Damage Threshold

“…The sub-bands at ∼1239.6 and 1274.7 eV are attributable to the Tb 3+ 3d orbital, while the other two sub-bands, together with the binding energy at ∼1252 eV, are assignable to the Tb 4+ 3d orbital. , Thus, Tb 3+ and Tb 4+ coexist in the grown crystal, which means that some of the Tb 3+ ions’ change to Tb 4+ causes the crystal to show a dark color during crystal growth. The existence of Tb 4+ is not conducive to the M-O property. , After annealing in the reducing 5% H 2 :Ar atmosphere, the crystal transformed from dark brown to colorless, as shown in the inset of Figure d. The XPS spectra show two dominant peaks of the Tb 3+ 3d orbital at 1240.5 and 1275.2 eV, manifesting the pure phase composition.…”

“…Besides, a similar method has been applied in laser crystals for calculating the concentration of doped active ions. 40,41 N n NA M…”

“…Here, the N value can be calculated by the density method and volume method separately based on formula . Besides, a similar method has been applied in laser crystals for calculating the concentration of doped active ions. , N = n ρ N A M = Z n V normals where n is the chemical stoichiometric coefficient of Tb 3+ ions, ρ is crystal density, N A is Avogadro constant, M is molar mass, Z is the primitive number per unit cell, and V s is the unit cell volume. Comparing with the transition contribution V h , the dispersion of the material provides a small contribution to the M-O effect, for which the V is approximately equal to V h (Table S1).…”

Controllable electronic properties, contact barriers and contact types in a TaSe2/WSe2 metal–semiconductor heterostructure

“…The contributions of each atom in the TaSe 2 /WSe 2 M-S heterostructure can also be verified by analyzing the density of states or the Hamiltonian population. 44,45 The density of states for all atoms in the TaSe 2 / WSe 2 M-S heterostructure shows that the crossing bands at the Fermi level are mainly contributed by both the Ta and Se atoms of the TaSe 2 layer. The AIMD simulations of the fluctuations in the total energy and temperature as a function of time steps for the TaSe 2 /WSe 2 M-S heterostructure are depicted in Fig.…”

Fabrication of Stretchable Superamphiphobic Surfaces with Deformation‐Induced Rearrangeable Structures

“…To overcome the limits of NF direct growth and to reduce the complexity of the preparation, we use pre‐prepared nanofilaments as the substitute of nanoparticles in spray‐coating. Only a low spray pressure (27 kPa) is applied, as compared to the high spray pressure (150−300 kPa) that is normally used, [ 8b,16 ] which further facilitates the process. A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS, Sylgard184) layer is used as the binder to fix the NF layer on the substrate.…”