High velocity dry spinning of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) filaments on an adhesion controlled surface with low friction

Shen, Yingfeng; Orelma, Hannes; Sneck, Asko; Kataja, Kirsi; Salmela, Juha; Qvintus, Pia; Suurnäkki, Anna; Harlin, Ali

doi:10.1007/s10570-016-1044-5

Cited by 41 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several studies have focused on filament spinning of CNF, varying concentration, starting material, nozzles and have relied on different effects for the solidification such as the shear thinning effect of viscoelastic solids (network rupture and reformation), screening of the surface charges and interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (Geng et al 2017;Ghasemi et al 2017;Hooshmand et al 2015Hooshmand et al , 2017Håkansson et al 2014;Iwamoto et al 2011;Kafy et al 2017;Kim et al 2019;Lundahl et al 2016;Mertaniemi et al 2016;Mittal et al 2017Mittal et al , 2018Mittal et al , 2019Mohammadi et al 2017;Nechyporchuk et al 2018;Shen et al 2016;Toivonen et al 2017;Torres-Rendon et al 2014;Walther et al 2011;Yao et al 2017). The mechanical properties of the filaments have varied, but the two main conclusions are, firstly, that by increasing the CNF alignment, the ultimate tensile strength and tensile stiffness is also increasing, while the strain at break is decreasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril concentration regime upon material forming on mechanical properties in films and filaments

Håkansson

2020

Cellulose

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It is predicted that the forest and materials from the forest will play an important role to enable the transformation from our linear present to a circular and sustainable future. Therefore, there is a need to understand the materials that can be extracted from the forest, and how to use them in an efficient manner. Here, carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from the forest are used to produce films and filaments with the aim to preserve the impressive mechanical properties of a single CNF in a macro-scale material. The mechanical properties of both the films (tensile strength of 231 MPa) and filaments (tensile strength of 645 MPa) are demonstrated to be maximized when the starting suspension is in a flowing state. This is a new insight with regards to filament spinning of CNF, and it is here argued that the three main factors contributing to the mechanical properties of the filaments are (1) the possibility to produce a self-supporting filament from a suspension, (2) the CNF alignment inside the filament and (3) the spatial homogeneity of the starting suspension. The results in this study could possibly also apply to other nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and silk protein fibrils, which are predicted to play a large part in future high performing applications. Graphic abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril concentration regime upon material forming on mechanical properties in films and filaments

Håkansson

2020

Cellulose

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“…In questa prospettiva di analisi, sarebbe opportuno valutare usi alternativi dei residui legnosi delle imprese di trasformazione del legno prima di convertirli in energia al fine di allungarne il tempo di vita degli stessi. In accordo con quanto enfatizzato dallo European Forest Institute (EFI) nel report "Future of the European Forest-Based Sector: Structural Changes Towards Bioeconomy" le nuove possibilità offerte dal mercato sono molteplici, anche se ancora poco conosciute a livello nazionale, e vanno dalla realizzazione di bio-tessuti (Shen et al 2016) -realizzati impiegando un filato ottenuto tramite una tecnologia innovativa che permette di passare direttamente dalle fibre di legno al filato senza un utilizzo intensivo di prodotti chimici e con un risparmio di acqua e energia di processo oltre l'80% -alle bio-plastiche prodotte a partire dal liquid wood che risulta composto da lignina (30%), fibre di cellulosa (60%) e additivi (Näyhä et al 2014). Il Decreto Ministeriale (DM) del 2 marzo 2010 sulla tracciabilità delle biomasse da destinare alla produzione di energia elettrica definisce le biomasse da filiera corta quelle prodotte entro il raggio di 70 km dall'impianto di produzione di energia.…”

Section: Discussioneunclassified

Demand and supply of wood biomass for energy use in the province of Trento (Italy): a survey

Pieratti¹,

Bernardi²,

Romagnoli³

et al. 2019

Forest@

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In the last decades, the energy policy of European Union (EU) has fostered the use of biomass from forests and outside forests for energy purposes. Firstly, the Green Paper on renewable energies of the European Commission, then, the Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, the objectives of reducing the greenhouses gases (GHG) emissions and increasing the share of final consumption covered by renewable sources have been established. In this context, the present study investigated the flow of wood residues for energy use in the Trentino provinceinvolving 82 wood processing enterprises (74% of total enterprises) and 22 biomass energy plants (85% of total biomass energy plants)and quality of raw material used. The results show that in the Trentino province 100% of wood residues produced by wood processing enterprises are sold in the market (90.6%) or re-used within the enterprise (9.4%). Concerning the biomass sold on the market, 46% of wood biomass is marketed within the Trentino province, while 54% is marketed outside the province (Bolzano province, Veneto and Lombardy region). The biomass energy plants mainly use woodchips from forest and sawmills (86%), while sawdust and bark cover the remaining 10% and 4%, respectively. The biomass energy plants sample involved in the survey buys mainly raw material from traders (42.5%) followed by wood processing enterprises (34.3%) and forest enterprises (23.2%). Regarding the quality of wood biomass, only 54.5% of biomass energy plants sample checks the water content, while 41% buy certified woodchips. The results of this study highlight that forest-wood chain in the Trentino province is efficient in re-using wood residues produced in accordance with the principles of the circular bioeconomy, while there are still margins for improvement about the controls of the quality of raw materials used and to enhance of wood products of high added value (bio-textiles, bio-plastics).

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“…The syringe spinning was followed by a take-up roller which was heated by a heat gun mounted at 10 cm distance. To help the extruded structures keep their circular cross-section, the surface of the take-up roller was sprayed with cooking oil to reduce surface tension as suggested by Shen et al, 2016 [ 10 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-Spun Neat Cellulose Nanofibril Filaments: Influence of Drying Temperature and Nanofibril Structure on Filament Properties

et al. 2017

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Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were spun into filaments directly from suspension without the aid of solvents. The influence of starting material properties and drying temperature on the properties of filaments produced from three different CNF suspensions was studied. Refiner-produced CNF was ground using a microgrinder at grinding times of 50 and 100 minutes. Filament spinning was performed using a syringe pump-heat gun setting at three drying temperatures of 210 • C, 320 • C and 430 • C. The structure of starting CNF materials was first evaluated using a combination of optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Surface free energy analysis and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to study changes in hydrophobicity due to grinding. Morphology of the filaments was studied using SEM micrographs. The influence of different drying temperatures and grinding times on mechanical properties of the CNF filaments were further investigated through tensile tests and results were compared using statistical analysis .It was observed that drying temperature did not significantly influence the tensile properties of the filaments while cellulose nanofiber suspension type (grinding time) had a significant influence and improved mechanical properties. FTIR results confirmed an increase in crystallinity index and decrease in hydroxyl group availability due to grinding.

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High velocity dry spinning of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) filaments on an adhesion controlled surface with low friction

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril concentration regime upon material forming on mechanical properties in films and filaments

Effect of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril concentration regime upon material forming on mechanical properties in films and filaments

Demand and supply of wood biomass for energy use in the province of Trento (Italy): a survey

Dry-Spun Neat Cellulose Nanofibril Filaments: Influence of Drying Temperature and Nanofibril Structure on Filament Properties

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