High vasopressin concentrations in human umbilical cord blood — Lack of correlation with stress

Polin, R A; Husain, Mazhar; James, L. Stanley; Frantz, Andrew G.

doi:10.1515/jpme.1977.5.3.114

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, [VP] measurements in umbilical cord blood of vaginally delivered human infants are considerably greater than they are in fetal sheep (22-26, 34, 35). Values are greater in umbilical arterial than in umbilical venous blood, with plasma concentrations sometimes in excess of 600 pU/mL (25,34,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vasopressin Effects on Lung Liquid Volume in Fetal Sheep

et al. 1995

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The normal switch from placental to pulmonary gas exchange at birth requires rapid removal of liquid from the lungs. Previous reports contend that vasopressin may be important in regulating this process, but this notion derives from studies in which fetal sheep received very large doses of vasopressin that yielded plasma concentrations at least 10 times greater than those that have been measured during normal labor. To study the physiologic effects of vasopressin on lung liquid volume in fetal sheep, we made three sets of experiments. First, we measured plasma vasopressin concentrations [VP] in 15 late-gestation fetal sheep, five of which were at various stages of spontaneous labor. [VP] in these fetuses ranged from <1 (prelabor) to 31 (during labor) pU/mL; postmortem extravascular lung water (EVLW) ranged from 4.5 to 14.5 gig dry lung tissue. In a second series of studies, we measured EVLW in five sets of near-term (138 + 1 d, term = 147 d) twin fetal sheep that received an 8-h i.v. infusion of either isotonic saline (control twin) or AVP (AVP-treated twin) at a rate of -1 (mU/kg)/min. This dose was chosen to mimic [VP] measured in fetuses that had been studied during labor.[VP] did not change in the control twins, whereas [VP] increased from 1.8 + 1.0 to 27.7 + 3.5 pU/mL in treated twins. There was a small, statistically significant difference in EVLW between twins that received AVP and untreated twins (11.9 + 1.8 versus 14.6 + 2.8 gig dry lung). In a third series of studies, we measured net production of lung liquid (Jv) by an indicator dilution technique in 16 fetal sheep that received an i.v. infusion of isotonic saline for 2 h followed by AVP for up to 8 h.[VP] averaged 23.4 t 6.5 pU/mL during AVP infusion. For six fetuses that were studied at I32 d (135 + 2 d) gestation, Jv decreased from 11.3 + 4.7 mL/h during the control period to 8.6 During fetal life, the lungs are filled with liquid that forms as a result of epithelial C1-secretion into the lumen of the developing respiratory tract (1). Rapid removal of this liquid from potential airspaces is an essential step in establishing an effective switch from placental to pulmonary gas exchange at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vasopressin Effects on Lung Liquid Volume in Fetal Sheep

et al. 1995

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“…The significant correlations between elevated vasopressin concentrations in lamb plasma at delivery with the hormone concentrations obtained in the latter stages of labor may be important in interpreting data obtained from human umbilical cord blood. High concentrations of the hormone are found in human fetal plasma at vaginal delivery (6,10,19). These observations of vasopressin hypersecretion at the moment of birth may similarly imply a more prolonged exposure of the human fetus to vasopressin at concentrations which may have extensive effects on the fetal cardiovascular system.…”

Section: Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Vasopressin concentrations are markedly elevated at birth in the umbilical cord plasma of human infants (6,10,19). Hormone concentrations are particularly high in the newborn after vaginal delivery or cesarean section preceded by labor.…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hormone concentrations are particularly high in the newborn after vaginal delivery or cesarean section preceded by labor. The stimulus to vasopressin release has been attributed to the stress and hypoxia that may accompany delivery, but in the human there are nLclear correlations (19). More specifically, Hadeed et al (10) have suggested that cranial compression during passage through the cervical canal may be the impetus for fetal vasopressin hypersecretion, whereas others have linked vasopressin secretion with the hypothalamic mechanisms initiating or maintaining parturition (5).…”

Section: Speculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elevated plasma hormone concentrations may play a major role in the fetal cardiovascular response to hypoxia including the redistribution of cardiac output. The progressive gradual decrease in fetal oxygen tension noted before the onset of labor may be related to morphologic changes a t the fetal maternal interface in the placenta.Vasopressin concentrations are markedly elevated at birth in the umbilical cord plasma of human infants (6,10,19). Hormone concentrations are particularly high in the newborn after vaginal delivery or cesarean section preceded by labor.…”

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Release of Vasopressin by the Fetal Lamb during Premature Parturition Induced with Corticotropin

et al. 1981

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Summary instrumented fetal lamb model. Alexander et al. (2) reportedThese studies were implemented to assess the relationship between fetal vasopressin secretion and the progression of rition as well as the contribution of specific stimuli to vasopressin release during labor. In chronically catheterized fetal lamb preparations, labor was induced by infusion of adrenocorticotropin (12.5 mg/kg/hr) to seven fetuses at 130 f 1 day of gestation.Before labor, fetal plasma vasopressin concentrations were 2.1 + 1.4 pg/ml and remained low (5.3 + 3.4 pg/ml) during prodromal and early phases of labor, but rose significantly in the active and expulsive phases (39.6 2 27.5 and 173.3 + 152.9 pg/ml) to reach peak values at delivery (584.2 f 433 pg/ml) and decrease by 30 min after birth (359.8 + 90.0 pg/ml).At delivery, fetal plasma vasopressin concentrations were strongly correlated ( P < 0.001) with hormone values obtained during the latter phases of labor. Fetal arterial pH and oxygen tension was inversely correlated with plasma vasopressin ( P < 0.01). No similar correlations were found with arterial Pcoz, K, Na, CI, osmolality, or packed cell volume. Unexpectedly, we observed a significant ( P < 0.001) and progressive decrease in fetal oxygen tension during the induction process. Other characteristics of adrenocorticotropin-induced parturition seemed to mimic those of spontaneous labor. SpeculationMany of the biophysical and biochemical changes that occur during spontaneous term labor in the sheep can be studied in a more controlled fashion during premature labor induced by infusion of adrenocorticotropin to the fetus. Vasopressin hypersecretion during the latter stages of labor is in part mediated by hypoxia. The elevated plasma hormone concentrations may play a major role in the fetal cardiovascular response to hypoxia including the redistribution of cardiac output. The progressive gradual decrease in fetal oxygen tension noted before the onset of labor may be related to morphologic changes a t the fetal maternal interface in the placenta.Vasopressin concentrations are markedly elevated at birth in the umbilical cord plasma of human infants (6,10,19). Hormone concentrations are particularly high in the newborn after vaginal delivery or cesarean section preceded by labor. The stimulus to vasopressin release has been attributed to the stress and hypoxia that may accompany delivery, but in the human there are nLclear correlations (19). More specifically, Hadeed et al. (10) have suggested that cranial compression during passage through the cervical canal may be the impetus for fetal vasopressin hypersecretion, whereas others have linked vasopressin secretion with the hypothalamic mechanisms initiating or maintaining parturition (5).The potential ramifications of enhanced vasopressin secretion in the fetus have been more extensively explored in the chronically generally undetectable values for fetal vasopressin (below thk level of sensitivity of the bioassay) until the last few days of gestation; thereafter, hormone concentra...

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Neonatal Water and Electrolyte Metabolism

Costarino¹,

Baumgart²

1998

Principles of Perinatal—Neonatal Metabolism

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High vasopressin concentrations in human umbilical cord blood — Lack of correlation with stress

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Vasopressin Effects on Lung Liquid Volume in Fetal Sheep

Vasopressin Effects on Lung Liquid Volume in Fetal Sheep

Release of Vasopressin by the Fetal Lamb during Premature Parturition Induced with Corticotropin

Neonatal Water and Electrolyte Metabolism

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