High-Vacuum Still in Medicine

Hickman, K. C. D.

doi:10.1021/i560103a022

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Wind pollination was found to provide substantial reproductive assurance and may allow for the persistence of populations of a self-incompatible annual under conditions of low pollinator visitation. Of the self-incompatible species in Linanthus section Leptosiphon, L. parviflorus is the most widespread and common, occurring in large populations throughout much of California (Hickman, 1993). Furthermore, wind pollination in L. parviflorus may be hypothesized to contribute to the maintenance of self-incompatibility in the species; if wind pollination provides seed set in the absence of pollinators, it may reduce the selective advantage of selfing genotypes if they arise under pollinator-limited conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind pollination and reproductive assurance in Linanthus parviflorus (Polemoniaceae), a self‐incompatible annual

Goodwillie

1999

American J of Botany

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Wind pollination was experimentally demonstrated in Linanthus parviflorus (Polemoniaceae), a predominantly beefly-pollinated, self-incompatible annual. Seed set in plants enclosed in mesh tents that excluded pollinators but allowed airborne pollen flow provided evidence for wind pollination, and the extent of seed set due to wind pollination was compared to that in open-pollinated controls and pollen-supplemented treatments. Additional controls were included to test for possible confounding effects of the mesh tent. Mean seed number in open-pollinated plants was 72.8-81.1% of that in pollen-supplemented plants, while wind pollination alone produced 49.5-52.2%, a smaller but substantial proportion of seed set with pollen supplementation. Further evidence for wind pollination was found in a comparison of sites differing in the extent of wind exposure in two populations of L. parviflorus. Airborne pollen counts were higher in exposed sites than in protected sites, and the difference was marginally significant. Seed set was significantly pollen limited in protected sites, but not in exposed sites. Taken together, the data suggest that wind pollination provides some reproductive assurance in this obligately outcrossing species. Wind pollination is hypothesized to represent an alternative to selfing as an evolutionary solution to the problem of temporal or spatial variation in pollination visitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species-Linanthus parviflorus (Benth.) Greene occurs abundantly in grasslands and open woodland areas throughout California (Hickman, 1993). Plants are 10-20 cm tall, with a terminal headlike inflorescence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind pollination and reproductive assurance in Linanthus parviflorus (Polemoniaceae), a self‐incompatible annual

Goodwillie

1999

American J of Botany

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“…This technique separates various compounds according to their differences in boiling points. Also, it is mostly utilized when achieving the boiling point of the desired compound is troublesome or leads to the compound decomposing [30]. It should be noted that reduced pressures decline the boiling point of compounds.…”

Section: Vacuum Distillation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt refining and purification processes in Al alloys: a comprehensive study

Wu¹,

Djavanroodi²,

Göde³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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Aluminum and its alloys having lots of advantageous properties are among the most-used metallic materials. So, it is of immense importance to find suitable processes and methods leading to high-quality purified Al melt. In this regard, there are numerous challenges in achieving high purity Al melts, such as its propensity to react with air, oxygen, and water vapor, the presence of a variety of oxide, non-oxide, and solid particle inclusions that lead to the production of pores, cracks, pinholes, and dross, finally adversely influencing the overall quality of the product. The main methods of melt refining are fluxing, floatation, and filtration, but more sophisticated methods have also emerged. The best method for purification can be chosen based on the type of impurities and the desired level of purification. With the industrial development, the need to establish more cost-effective and simpler methods has increased, and in addition, methods should be considered for recycling large volumes of scarp Al parts that contain more impurities. Moreover, achieving high purity melt is also a vital issue for use in specific applications. The present article has been written to discuss the above issues and focus on the study of various methods of aluminum purification.

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“…(3) arrangement of the apparatus so that the distillations or sublimations could be started or stopped at will; (4) preservation of products in case of mechanical failure of the system; (5) continuous operation of the system with a minimum of attention; and (6) electrically heated stills that would require little or no attention. To fulfill these needs the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2 was constructed.…”

Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%