High transition temperature shape memory polymer composites based on bismaleimide resin

Abstract

Bismaleimide-allyl phenol polymer system exhibiting shape memory characteristics and possessing transition temperature of up to 220 C (T trans ) was synthesized by coreacting 2,2-bis 4[(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BMIP) and o,o 0 -diallylbisphenol A (DABA) with a bismaleimide-end-capped poly(tetramethyleneoxide) (BMI-PTMO). BMI-PTMO that served as shape memory polymer was synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical analysis and size exclusion chromatography. The cured network containing varying proportions of poly(tetramethyleneoxide) was synthesized by varying the concentration of BMI-PTMO in the ternary blend. Cure characteristics were investigated by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry and rheometry. Elastic memory composites were processed using carbon fabric from varying blend composition at fixed resin to reinforcement ratio. PTMO enhanced the flexibility of the network. The system as a whole possessing high transition temperature, its storage modulus decreased with increase in PTMO content. The polymer possessed good shape recovery characteristics and the recovery time decreased with increasing concentration of the shape memory component. The system showed shape recovery of 88-98% in about a minute at T trans . The extent of shape recovery was a direct function of PTMO concentration. The recovery time showed an inverse relationship to the modulus ratio.

Biocompatible shape memory polymer actuators with high force capabilities

“…The recovery time of most of the SMPs recorded in the literature range from 5 seconds to 10 minutes, with most of them between 14-65 s; some of the slower SMPs may take up to several hours to fully recover [27,[40][41][42][43]. The recovery time varied depending on the chemical structure and modulus of the SMP, programming conditions, and recovery temperature; the closer the recovery temperature is to T g , the faster the recovery process [40][41][42][43]. The TPU/PLA blends investigated in this study has a relatively fast recovery response compared to those recorded in the literature.…”

One-component novel allyl–maleimide Alder ene resins: synthesis, curing, and thermal properties

“…Chemical shift at 34.7, 116.0, 137.5, 138.9, 150, 165.2, 168.9, 161.5, and 131.0 ppm in the 13 C NMR ( Figure 5) also confirms the incorporation of maleimide group in AN back bone. From the 1 H NMR analysis (Figure 6), the signals due to aromatic and maleimide functionalities appeared at 6.5-8.5 ppm whereas those due to allyl groups appeared at 4.8 and 6 ppm.…”

“…Maleimido benzoic acid (MBA), maleimido benzoyl chloride (MBC) from MBA, and AN (extent of allylation 50%) were synthesized based on reported procedures [13,14] and are described below.…”

“…Elemental analysis was performed using Perkin Elmer 2400 CHN Analyzer. 13 C and 1 H NMR analyses were recorded using a BRUKER AVANCE FTNMR spectrometer operating at 300 MHz. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) was used as the internal standard to compare the NMR signals, and acetone/CDCl 3 was used as the solvent.…”

Modern advances in bismaleimide resin technology: A 21st century perspective on the chemistry of addition polyimides

“…An alternative SMP has been prepared by Biju and Nair using BMPP, DABA and bismaleimideend-capped poly(tetramethyleneoxide) (dubbed PTMO) [145]. They were able to obtain polymers with transition temperatures as high as 220 °C.…”