High‐Transconductance Organic Thin‐Film Electrochemical Transistors for Driving Low‐Voltage Red‐Green‐Blue Active Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

Braga, Daniele; Erickson, Nicholas C.; Renn, Michael J.; Holmes, Russell J.; Frisbie, C. Daniel

doi:10.1002/adfm.201102075

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Ionic/electronic hybrid electrolyte gated transistors have received considerable attentions for their broad applications in electrochemistry, photochemistry, and electronics. [1][2][3] With the formation of an electric-double-layer (EDL) at the electrolyte/solid interface with the thickness of $1 nm, a big EDL capacitance >10 lF/cm 2 is always obtained. Such value is much larger than that for the conventional dielectrics such as SiO 2 and high-k oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Chao

Zhu

Xiao

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Modulation of charge carrier density in condensed materials based on ionic/electronic interaction has attracted much attention. Here, protonic/electronic hybrid indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) transistors gated by chitosan based electrolyte were obtained. The chitosan-based electrolyte illustrates a high proton conductivity and an extremely strong proton gating behavior. The transistor illustrates good electrical performances at a low operating voltage of ∼1.0 V such as on/off ratio of ∼3 × 107, subthreshold swing of ∼65 mV/dec, threshold voltage of ∼0.3 V, and mobility of ∼7 cm2/V s. Good positive gate bias stress stabilities are obtained. Furthermore, a low voltage driven resistor-loaded inverter was built by using an IZO transistor in series with a load resistor, exhibiting a linear relationship between the voltage gain and the supplied voltage. The inverter is also used for decreasing noises of input signals. The protonic/electronic hybrid IZO transistors have potential applications in biochemical sensors and portable electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Chao

Zhu

Xiao

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Solid-state and gel electrolytes can be processed from solution, and allow for the physical placement of the gate electrode to be decoupled from that of the channel. Such devices have thus been used to control active matrix displays (6), electrochromic pixels (7), and have been used for logic circuitry (8). Biosensing in particular has been a strong beneficiary of the developments in electrolyte-gated transistors (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the mode of operation of organic transistors through side-chain engineering

Giovannitti

Sbircea

Inal

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

412

635

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Electrolyte-gated organic transistors offer low bias operation facilitated by direct contact of the transistor channel with an electrolyte. Their operation mode is generally defined by the dimensionality of charge transport, where a field-effect transistor allows for electrostatic charge accumulation at the electrolyte/semiconductor interface, whereas an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) facilitates penetration of ions into the bulk of the channel, considered a slow process, leading to volumetric doping and electronic transport. Conducting polymer OECTs allow for fast switching and high currents through incorporation of excess, hygroscopic ionic phases, but operate in depletion mode. Here, we show that the use of glycolated side chains on a thiophene backbone can result in accumulation mode OECTs with high currents, transconductance, and sharp subthreshold switching, while maintaining fast switching speeds. Compared with alkylated analogs of the same backbone, the triethylene glycol side chains shift the mode of operation of aqueous electrolyte-gated transistors from interfacial to bulk doping/transport and show complete and reversible electrochromism and high volumetric capacitance at low operating biases. We propose that the glycol side chains facilitate hydration and ion penetration, without compromising electronic mobility, and suggest that this synthetic approach can be used to guide the design of organic mixed conductors.organic electronics | electrochemical transistor | semiconducting polymers

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“…This makes electrolyte-gated OTFTs suitable candidates for chemical and biomedical sensing applications, 10,11 or to drive organic light-emitting diodes. 12 Amongst the variety of electrolyte materials, ion gels are an attractive class of solid electrolytes. 13 They consist in the mixture of an ionic liquid (IL) -a salt that is in the liquid state at room temperature -contained within a polymer matrix, thus combining the high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability that characterise ILs with the ease of processing associated with polymers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance photolithographically-patterned polymer thin-film transistors gated with an ionic liquid/poly(ionic liquid) blend ion gel

Thiburce

Porcarelli

Mecerreyes

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate the fabrication of polymer thin-film transistors gated with an ion gel electrolyte made of the blend of an ionic liquid and a polymerised ionic liquid. The ion gel exhibits a high stability and ionic conductivity, combined with facile processing by simple drop-casting from solution. In order to avoid parasitic effects such as high hysteresis, high off-currents and slow switching, a fluorinated photoresist is employed in order to enable high-resolution orthogonal patterning of the polymer semiconductor over an area that precisely defines the transistor channel. The resulting devices exhibit excellent characteristics, with an on/off ratio of 10 6 , low hysteresis and a very large transconductance of 3 mS. We show that this high transconductance value is mostly the result of ions penetrating the polymer film and doping the entire volume of the semiconductor, yielding an effective capacitance per unit area of about 200 µF cm −2 , one order of magnitude higher than the double layer capacitance of the ion gel. This results in channel currents larger than 1 mA at an applied gate bias of only -1 V. We also investigate the dynamic performance of the devices and obtain a switching time of 20 ms, which is mostly limited by the overlap capacitance between the ion gel and the source and drain contacts.Electrolyte-gated organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) have received a lot of attention over the past years, thanks to their ability to operate at very low voltages (< |1| V), 1-3 which makes them particularly attractive for use in portable devices powered by low supply voltage sources such as thin-film batteries, and interfacing with conventional Si CMOS electronics. If an electrolyte is placed in contact with two electrodes, to which a small voltage is applied, ionic species within the electrolyte migrate towards the electrode of opposite polarity, forming ultra-thin electrical double layers at both electrolyte/electrode interfaces. When one of these electrodes is the channel of a transistor, large charge densities arise within the semiconductor, as a result of the ionic accumulation within a small volume close to the interface or within the bulk of the semiconductor, depending on the mode of operation of the device. In the case where ionic charges are contained at the interface with the semiconductor, for example by using a polyelectrolyte in which the ionic charges are covalently linked to the polymer chains 4 or a crystalline semiconductor impermeable to ion penetration, 5 the device operates much like a field-effect transistor. On the other hand, when ions penetrate inside the bulk of a polymer semiconductor, the capacitance must be considered as a volumetric parameter and the doping process is electrochemical in nature, 6-8 resulting in very large currents flowing through the whole channel volume. As a) Electronic mail: alasdair.campbell@imperial.ac.uk a consequence, large transconductances surpassing that of silicon-based TFTs can be obtained, 9 even in OTFTs employing polymer semiconductors with modest ...

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High‐Transconductance Organic Thin‐Film Electrochemical Transistors for Driving Low‐Voltage Red‐Green‐Blue Active Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Controlling the mode of operation of organic transistors through side-chain engineering

High performance photolithographically-patterned polymer thin-film transistors gated with an ionic liquid/poly(ionic liquid) blend ion gel

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