High Trait Self-Control and Low Boredom Proneness Help COVID-19 Homeschoolers

Martarelli, Corinna S.; Pacozzi, Simona G.; Bieleke, Maik; Wolff, Wanja

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.594256

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, health conditions such as obesity could lead to a lack of energy, social isolation, and lack of popularity with other students as well as teachers, leading to more boredom in class. Finally, there may also be third variables that can generate both maladaptive levels and trajectories of boredom, and poor health among adolescents, such as extraordinary unfortunate environmental circumstances—the current pandemic-implied school lockdowns being a palpable example, e.g., [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boredom Makes Me Sick: Adolescents’ Boredom Trajectories and Their Health-Related Quality of Life

Schwartze

Frenzel

Goetz

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Existing research shows consistent links between boredom and depression, somatic complaints, substance abuse, or obesity and eating disorders. However, comparatively little is known about potential psychological and physical health-related correlates of academic boredom. Evidence for such a relationship can be derived from the literature, as boredom has adverse consequences in both work and achievement-related settings. The present study investigates latent correlations of 1.484 adolescents’ (Mage = 13.23) mathematics boredom scores at three time points during a semester in 2018/19 and their Rasch scaled health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Moreover, we applied latent growth curve modeling to estimate boredom trajectories across the semester and determined the relationship between the latent growth parameters of student boredom and HRQoL in bivariate correlation analyses. Our results show that boredom is significantly negatively linked with all HRQoL dimensions (physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relation, social support and peers, school environment [SCH], and general HRQoL [GH]). Furthermore, stronger increases in boredom across the semester were negatively associated with SCH scores and GH. In conclusion, given that boredom is negatively linked with HRQoL and that stronger boredom growth is linked with more severe health-related problems, signs of academic boredom could be an early warning signal for adolescents’ potentially severe problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boredom Makes Me Sick: Adolescents’ Boredom Trajectories and Their Health-Related Quality of Life

Schwartze

Frenzel

Goetz

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The answers to these items were given on 5-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree , 5 = strongly agree ) and answers on the difficulty items were averaged into a single score. This way of measuring adherence to social distancing and its difficulty with self-reports has already been used in previous research (with α = 0.87 for the difficulty scale; Wolff et al, 2020 ) and validated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., homeschooling; Martarelli et al, 2021 ). Moreover, self-report measures are well-suited for capturing actual social distancing behavior (Gollwitzer et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

If-then planning, self-control, and boredom as predictors of adherence to social distancing guidelines: Evidence from a two-wave longitudinal study with a behavioral intervention

Bieleke

Martarelli²,

Wolff

2021

Curr Psychol

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In the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing is instrumental for containing the pandemic. To maximize its effectiveness, it is paramount to investigate psychological factors that predict adherence to social distancing guidelines and examine corresponding interventions. We focused on individual differences in if-then planning, self-control, and boredom, and tested an intervention based on if-then planning. We conducted a two-wave longitudinal study combining observational and experimental methods. Participants (N = 574, 35.7% female, age: M = 37.5 years, SD = 10.8) reported their adherence to social distancing guidelines and the perceived difficulty of adherence at T1, along with trait measures of if-then planning, self-control, and boredom. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to an if-then planning intervention to increase adherence, or to a control intervention. One week later at T2, participants again reported their adherence and the perceived difficulty of adhering. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used to establish whether trait if-then planning, self-control, and boredom predicted adherence, and to examine the effects of the if-then planning intervention. Trait if-then planning, self-control, and boredom were associated with T1 adherence, while only if-then planning and boredom predicted T2 adherence. No overall treatment effect of the if-then planning intervention emerged; however, participants who complied with the intervention (75.6%) maintained higher levels of adherence over time than control participants. In sum, individual differences in if-then planning, self-control, and boredom predicted adherence to social distancing guidelines. If-then planning interventions are promising but require further steps to ascertain compliance.

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“…Attesting to the existence of such a link in the exercise context, one recent study showed that high trait self-control and low boredom proneness form part of a latent personality profile that was linked to more regular exercise, whereas a profile with lower self-control and higher boredom proneness was linked with considerably lower exercise levels (Wolff et al, 2020a). Further evidence on the proposed interplay between boredom proneness and self-control comes from recent research on adherence to the social distancing guidelines amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (Bieleke et al, 2020b;Boylan et al, 2020;Wolff et al, 2020b;Martarelli et al, 2021). In line with the above propositions, boredom proneness was linked to less adherence and this effect was mediated by the perceived difficulty to comply with social distancing guidelines (Wolff et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Self-control and Boredom Are Tightly Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Primer on the Role of Boredom in Self-Controlled Sports and Exercise Behavior

et al. 2021

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Self-control is critical for successful participation and performance in sports and therefore has attracted considerable research interest. Yet, knowledge about self-control remains surprisingly incomplete and inconsistent. Here, we draw attention to boredom as an experience that likely plays an important role in sports and exercise (e.g., exercise can be perceived as boring but can also be used to alleviate boredom). Specifically, we argue that studying boredom in the context of sports and exercise will also advance our understanding of self-control as a reward-based choice. We demonstrate this by discussing evidence for links between self-control and boredom and by highlighting the role boredom plays for guiding goal-directed behavior. As such, boredom is likely to interact with self-control in affecting sports performance and exercise participation. We close by highlighting several promising routes for integrating self-control and boredom research in the context of sports performance and exercise behavior.

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High Trait Self-Control and Low Boredom Proneness Help COVID-19 Homeschoolers

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Boredom Makes Me Sick: Adolescents’ Boredom Trajectories and Their Health-Related Quality of Life

Boredom Makes Me Sick: Adolescents’ Boredom Trajectories and Their Health-Related Quality of Life

If-then planning, self-control, and boredom as predictors of adherence to social distancing guidelines: Evidence from a two-wave longitudinal study with a behavioral intervention

A Primer on the Role of Boredom in Self-Controlled Sports and Exercise Behavior

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