High-Throughput Multicast Routing Metrics in Wireless Mesh Networks

Abstract

The stationary nature of nodes in a mesh network has shifted the main design goal of routing protocols from maintaining connectivity between source and destination nodes to finding high-throughput paths between them. In recent years, numerous link-quality-based routing metrics have been proposed for choosing high-throughput paths for unicast protocols. In this paper we study routing metrics for high-throughput tree or mesh construction in multicast protocols. We show that there is a fundamental difference between unicast and multicast routing in how data packets are transmitted at the link layer, and accordingly there is a difference in how the routing metrics for each of these primitives are designed. We adapt certain routing metrics for unicast for high-throughput multicast routing and propose news ones not previously used for high-throughput. We then study the performance improvement achieved by using different link-quality-based routing metrics via extensive simulation and experiments on a mesh network testbed, using ODMRP as a representative multicast protocol. Our testbed experiment results show that ODMRP enhanced with linkquality routing metrics can achieve up to 17.5% throughput improvement as compared to the original ODMRP.

Secure Multicast Routing Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks

“…The major limitation of BSMR is its reliance on static detection threshold, which is independent of the channel quality and medium access collisions. Similarly, SODMRP is a secure high-throughput multicast protocol based on ODMRP and link layer metric, SPP (success probability product) [27]. SODMRP addresses packet dropping attacks by detecting the discrepancies between expected packet delivery ratio (ePDR) and perceived packet delivery ratio (pPDR).…”

A Survey on Load Management Schemes in Routing Algorithms of Multi-Hop, Multi-Gateway Wireless Mesh Networks

“…In NLR 6 protocol, they compared NLR with hop-count, [16][17][18] Expected Transmission Count (ETX), 14 Success Probability Product (SPP), 12 Load-count 4,13 and Weighted Cumulative Expected Transmission Time (WCETT-LB) 19 metric in average packet delivery ratio, average throughput, average end-to-end delay and average jitter in grid topology. The simulation results showed that the average throughput is 1.08 times the normalized value in NLR than Load-count, hopcount, ETX and SPP.…”

Routing Metrics for Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey

“…Furthermore, unicast probing of ETX is not accurate as differences between broadcast and unicast. Success Probability Product (SPP) [6] is a Routing Metric to enhance the throughput in Wireless Mesh Networks. The authors in [5] modify an energy-efficient routing metric and produce SPP to provide the probability for the destination node to receive a packet over a link.…”

“…In this paper, we first review the performance of a list of existing routing metrics, Hop-count [11] [12] [13], ETX [9], SPP [6], Load-count [7] [8], and WCETT-LB [14] and so forth. We also describe the possible open issues remain in the current design of routing metrics in WMNs.…”