High-throughput microarray detection of olfactory receptor gene expression in the mouse

Zhang, Xinmin; Rogers, Matthew E.; Tian, Huikai; Zhang, Xiaohong; Zou, Dong-Jing; Liu, Jian; Ma, Minghong; Shepherd, Gordon M.; Firestein, Stuart

doi:10.1073/pnas.0405350101

Cited by 157 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Loss of the entire cell population of an OR in the olfactory epithelium may be rare, consistent with the fact that elimination of existing glomeruli is never observed in a vital imaging study (LaMantia et al, 1992). However, the same microarray study mentioned earlier demonstrates that the expression levels of some OR genes fall below the detection thresholds during postnatal development (Zhang et al, 2004b). An in situ examination of more ORs in the MOE is required to address whether loss of certain OSN populations occurs.…”

Section: Differential Developments Of Osns Expressing Different Orssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The results are consistent with a previous study using a high-throughput DNA micro-array to examine the expression levels of mouse OR genes at different developmental stages. There is a steady increase in the number of OR genes detected in the MOE during early (pre-and postnatal) development (Zhang et al, 2004b). These findings may partly explain why the number of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb gradually increases during postnatal development (Pomeroy et al, 1990).…”

Section: Differential Developments Of Osns Expressing Different Orsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…All OSNs expressing the same OR converge their axons onto one or a few specific glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (Mombaerts, 2006). The transcribed mRNA levels of different receptor genes can vary as many as a few hundred folds in the adult olfactory epithelium (Young et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2004b). The onset and choice of OR expression are critical for functional maturation and glomerular targeting of the OSNs (Wang et al, 1998;Treloar et al, 2002;Zou et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential development of odorant receptor expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium: A quantitative analysis in the mouse septal organ

Tian

2008

Developmental Neurobiology

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The rodent olfactory epithelium expresses more than 1000 odorant receptors (ORs) with distinct patterns, yet it is unclear how such patterns are established during development. In the current study, we investigated development of the expression patterns of different ORs in the septal organ, a small patch of olfactory epithelium predominantly expressing nine identified ORs. The presumptive septal organ first appears at about embryonic day 16 (E16) and it completely separates from the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) at about postnatal day 7 (P7). Using in situ hybridization, we quantified the densities of the septal organ neurons labeled by specific RNA probes of the nine abundant OR genes from E16 to postnatal 3 months. The results indicate that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing different ORs have asynchronous temporal onsets. For instance, MOR256-17 and MOR236-1 cells are present in the septal organ at E16; however, MOR0-2 cells do not appear until P0. In addition, OSNs expressing different ORs show distinct developmental courses and reach their maximum densities at different stages ranging from E16 (e.g. MOR256-17) to 1 month (e.g. MOR256-3 and MOR235-1). Furthermore, early onset does not correlate with high abundance in adult. This study reveals a dynamic composition of the OSNs expressing different ORs in the developing olfactory epithelium.

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Section: Differential Developments Of Osns Expressing Different Orssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Differential Developments Of Osns Expressing Different Orsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential development of odorant receptor expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium: A quantitative analysis in the mouse septal organ

Tian

2008

Developmental Neurobiology

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“…The adult mouse olfactory epithelium contains several million olfactory sensory neurons (Mori et al, 1999), each of which expresses one allele of a single odorant receptor gene out of a repertoire of Ͼ1000 genes (Buck and Axel, 1991;Mombaerts, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004). Each olfactory sensory neuron projects a single, unbranched axon into a single glomerulus of the olfactory bulb (Klenoff and Greer, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Developmentally Regulated Local Translation of Odorant Receptor mRNAs in the Axons of Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Dubacq¹,

Jamet²,

Trembleau³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Odorant receptor mRNAs are transported within axons of olfactory sensory neurons that project into the olfactory bulb. Odorant receptor proteins have been identified along the distal part of these axons, which raises the possibility of their local synthesis in axons. We took advantage of the anatomical separation between the olfactory mucosa (which contains the sensory neuron cell bodies) and the bulb (which contains sensory axons but no sensory neuron cell bodies) to address this issue using a quantitative biochemical approach. Combining a method that separates polysome-associated mRNAs from untranslated mRNAs with a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR approach, we demonstrate that significant amounts of odorant receptor mRNAs are associated with polysomes in the sensory axons of the adult mouse bulb. We thus provide the first evidence for local synthesis of odorant receptor proteins in these axons. Interestingly, the rate of odorant receptor mRNA translation in axons is significantly greater during periods when the proportion of immature axons is higher (i.e., at postnatal day 4 or on regeneration after chemical lesion in adults). In contrast, the olfactory marker protein mRNA, which is restricted to mature axons, is translated at a low and constant level. Overall, we demonstrate that translation levels of odorant receptor mRNAs in axons are developmentally regulated, and positively correlated to the stage of axonal growth into the bulb. Given the established function of odorant receptors in the axonal wiring of sensory projections, we propose that this regulated axonal translation may play a role in the development and maintenance of the glomerular array.

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“…Olfactory receptors were discovered in 1991 [7], are GPCRs and, in mice there are as many as ~1100 genes coding for odorant receptors [8]. Interestingly, each OSN seems to express only one odorant receptor [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Olfactory System: An Emerging Model For Studying Cilipoathies

Rodriguez‐Gil

2011

Microsc Microanal

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The olfactory epithelium is located in the most dorsal region of the nasal cavity and contains three types of cells: olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs, responsible for odorant detection), sustentacular cells (which give support), and basal stem cells (that regenerate the other two populations) [1,2]. OSNs are bipolar cells with a single dendrite extending to the nasal cavity and a single axon to the underlying lamina propria that extends and synapses in the olfactory bulb [3]. The apical dendrite ends in a knob that contains multiple basal bodies, from which non-motile cilia (10-30) extend in the surface of the epithelium [4]. These cilia lie in the surface of the epithelium and increase the surface for odorant reception approximately 40 times [5]. Mammalian olfactory cilia can be as long as 60 m [5], and even though OSN cilia ultrastructure presents a classical (9+2) microtubule organization, the absence of dynein arms makes them immotile [6].Ciliary function in OSNs has been well described because of its relevance in odor perception and because is where sensory transduction occurs. Olfactory receptors were discovered in 1991 [7], are GPCRs and, in mice there are as many as ~1100 genes coding for odorant receptors [8]. Interestingly, each OSN seems to express only one odorant receptor [9]. Although odorant receptors were observed throughout the entire OSN, of relevance for this symposium is the notion that cilia harbor the seven transmembrane odorant receptors and all the components of the transduction cascade. Upon activation by a specific odor, the odorant receptor activates a stimulatory protein G, which activates adenylyl cyclase III increasing cAMP concentration. This increase in cAMP opens cyclic nucleotide gated channels and the depolarization of the OSN occurs [3]. All these proteins have been identified, cloned, characterized and many of them knocked-out and proven important for the transduction signaling. Despite how much we know on the odorant transduction signaling mechanism in OSN cilia, little is known about the transport mechanisms controlling trafficking in and out of the OSN cilia.Mutations in ciliary or basal body proteins, both in humans and animal models, showed a plethora of clinical features, being some of the most common ones retinitis pigmentosa, renal cystic disease, polydactyly, situs inversus, and mental retardation. Different syndromes such as Bardet-Biedl (BBS), Senior-Loken, Joulbert (JS) or Meckel-Gruber (MKS) have been classified based on the spectrum of clinical features manifested. Many of the proteins characterized as being involved in some of the previously mentioned syndromes, have also been recently shown to be expressed in the olfactory system. Nonetheless, linking both, ciliary deficiencies and olfactory deficits has not been obvious up to the last few years [10][11][12][13]. Loss of function of BBS-1 and BBS-4 lead to structural and functional deficit in mice models [10] and to a decreased olfactory function both in human and mice presenting a BBS-4 deletion [10,11]. More...

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High-throughput microarray detection of olfactory receptor gene expression in the mouse

Cited by 157 publications

References 44 publications

Differential development of odorant receptor expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium: A quantitative analysis in the mouse septal organ

Differential development of odorant receptor expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium: A quantitative analysis in the mouse septal organ

Evidence for Developmentally Regulated Local Translation of Odorant Receptor mRNAs in the Axons of Olfactory Sensory Neurons

The Olfactory System: An Emerging Model For Studying Cilipoathies

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