High-throughput experimentation for microstructural design in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Agrawal, Ankur; Bellefon, G. Meric de; Thoma, Dan J.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2020.139841

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Tensile properties such as yield strength (YS), Young's modulus (GPa), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at failure extracted are reported in Table 4. These properties are similar to 316L SS produced by a conventional method, and to others [41,[45][46][47][48] reported for as-built LPBF 316L SS. Table 3 presents the comparison between the experimentally measured and calculated melt pool width and depth.…”

Section: Melt Pool Dimension Estimated By Rosenthal Solutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Tensile properties such as yield strength (YS), Young's modulus (GPa), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at failure extracted are reported in Table 4. These properties are similar to 316L SS produced by a conventional method, and to others [41,[45][46][47][48] 4, and therefore additional factors that contribute to the strength need to be identified. The fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens were examined by using SEM and they are shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Melt Pool Dimension Estimated By Rosenthal Solutionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The dotted region in Figure 2 with energy density values between 45 and 125 J/mm 3 produced samples with density greater than 99.8% determined by image analysis. This optimized energy density range includes the optimum energy density of ~100 J/mm 3 reported in the literature [39][40][41]. 1) and quantified using image analysis.…”

Section: Influence Of Lpbf Parameters On the Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies since then show that the energy density to achieve nearly full dense 316L SS is approximately 100 J/mm 3 [36,37]. Despite the significant progress in producing a high-density material [35,[39][40][41], porosities in LPBF might occur under two completely different conditions: insufficient volumetric energy density yielded to lack of fusion [42,43], and excessive volumetric energy density produced porosity that can be attributed to the occurrence of keyhole-mode [44]. Mechanical properties of the LPBF 316L SS are generally considered superior to their traditionally manufactured counterparts [41,[45][46][47][48], and its dependency with the processing parameters has been confirmed in several studies [36,46,[49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Optimization and Microstructure Analysis to Understand Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel

Vallejo

Lucas

Ayers

et al. 2021

Metals

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The microstructural development of 316L stainless steel (SS) was investigated over a wide range of systematically varied laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters, such as laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing and volumetric energy density. Relative density, melt pool width and depth, and the size of sub-grain cellular structure were quantified and related to the temperature field estimated by Rosenthal solution. Use of volumetric energy density between 46 and 127 J/mm3 produced nearly fully dense (≥99.8%) samples, and this included the best parameter set: power = 200 W; scan speed = 800 mm/s; hatch spacing = 0.12 mm; slice thickness = 0.03; energy density = 69 J/mm3). Cooling rate of 105 to 107 K/s was estimated base on the size of cellular structure within melt pools. Using the optimized LPBF parameters, the as-built 316L SS had, on average, yield strength of 563 MPa, Young’s modulus of 179 GPa, tensile strength of 710 MPa, and 48% strain at failure.

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Section: Melt Pool Dimension Estimated By Rosenthal Solutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Tensile properties such as yield strength (YS), Young's modulus (GPa), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at failure extracted are reported in Table 4. These properties are similar to 316L SS produced by a conventional method, and to others [41,[45][46][47][48] 4, and therefore additional factors that contribute to the strength need to be identified. The fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens were examined by using SEM and they are shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Melt Pool Dimension Estimated By Rosenthal Solutionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Influence Of Lpbf Parameters On the Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Process Optimization and Microstructure Analysis to Understand Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel

Vallejo

Lucas

Ayers

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…Therefore, the important factor for the application of 316L SS in the biological field is the corrosion and element release of the SLM-formed part in the biological environment. The SLM-processed 316L SS had been extensively studied, including relative density, surface roughness, microstructure, and mechanical properties ( Liverani et al, 2017 ; Agrawal et al, 2020 ; Marattukalam et al, 2020 ). However, the SLM-fabricated 316L SS displays microstructure anisotropy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Mechanism of Structure Angle on Microstructure and Properties of SLM-Fabricated 316L Stainless Steel

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In this study, seven 316L stainless steel (316L SS) bulks with different angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) relative to a build substrate were built via selective laser melting (SLM). The influences of different angles on the metallography, microstructure evolution, tensile properties, and corrosion resistance of 316L SS were studied. The 0° sample showed the morphology of corrugated columnar grains, while the 90° sample exhibited equiaxed grains but with a strong <101> texture. The 60° sample had a good strength and plasticity: the tensile strength with 708 MPa, the yield strength with 588 MPa, and the elongation with 54.51%. The dislocation strengthening and grain refinement play a vital role in the mechanical properties for different anisotropy of the SLM-fabricated 316L SS. The 90° sample had greater toughness and corrosion resistance, owing to the higher volume fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and finer grains.

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Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel

et al. 2022

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The correlations between process conditions, microstructure, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured components are not fully understood yet. In this contribution, three different hatch strategies are used to fabricate rod‐like samples from S316L stainless steel, which are further investigated using synchrotron diffraction, optical microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicate the presence of ⟨110⟩ biaxial and fiber textures, whose sharpness depends on the applied hatch strategy. Mechanical tests reveal a strong correlation of the samples’ response to the observed anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the build direction. Even though the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of around 475 and 500 MPa, respectively, do not differ significantly, the stress–strain behavior can be correlated with the observed in‐plane anisotropy. Particularly, twinning‐induced plasticity, a distinct increase of the work hardening rate at larger strains and elliptical necking are observed in some samples with biaxial (Goss) texture. These findings indicate that texture design by means of applying dedicated hatch strategies can be used to effectively tune the multiaxial deformation behavior of components produced by laser powder bed fusion.

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High-throughput experimentation for microstructural design in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Cited by 43 publications

References 45 publications

Process Optimization and Microstructure Analysis to Understand Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel

Process Optimization and Microstructure Analysis to Understand Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel

Study on Mechanism of Structure Angle on Microstructure and Properties of SLM-Fabricated 316L Stainless Steel

Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel

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