Addressing the shift from classical
animal testing to high-throughput
in vitro and/or simplified in vivo proxy models has been defined as
one of the upcoming challenges in aquatic toxicology. In this regard,
the fish embryo toxicity test (FET) has gained significant popularity
and wide standardization as one of the sensitive alternative approaches
to acute fish toxicity tests in chemical risk assessment and water
quality evaluation. Nevertheless, despite the growing regulatory acceptance,
the actual manipulation, dispensing, and analysis of living fish embryos
remains very labor intensive. Moreover, the FET is commonly performed
in plastic multiwell plates under static or semistatic conditions,
potentially inadequate for toxicity assessment of some organic, easily
degradable or highly adsorptive toxicants. Recent technological advances
in the field of mechatronics, fluidics and digital vision systems
demonstrate promising future opportunities for automation of many
analytical stages in embryo toxicity testing. In this review, we highlight
emerging advances in fluidic and laboratory automation systems that
can prospectively enable high-throughput FET testing (HT-FET) akin
to pipelines commonly found in in vitro drug discovery pipelines.
We also outline the existing challenges, barriers to future development
and provide an outlook of ground-breaking fluidic technologies in
embryo toxicity testing.