High thermally stable hybrid nonlinear optical films containing heterocycle chromophores

Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of a cross-linkable system using sol-gel approach

“…Normally, the condensation temperature varied from 80°C to 150°C [8,9], which matching the glass transition temperature of common optical polymers, such as PMMA and APC, so that the cross-link process could be controlled during poling to increase the poling efficiency. Sol-gel hybrid materials with the NLOactive dyes covalently incorporated into silicon trialkoxide was reported recently [10,11]. These sol-gel materials with rigid network structures perform better thermal stability compared with other polymer materials.…”

“…These sol-gel materials with rigid network structures perform better thermal stability compared with other polymer materials. However, the rigid network may hinder the orientation of the chromophore during the poling process, so very few were reported with high r 33 values [11][12][13]. In order to obtain a higher r 33 value, it is important to adjust the content of sol-gel groups appropriately.…”

Ferroelectric nanofibers with an embedded optically nonlinear benzothiazole derivative

“…This modification creates the potential for numerous innovative applications of these π-conjugated systems as ligands for phosphorescent coordination complexes including transition metals, antennas for lanthanoid elements (Li et al 2012;Kuwabara et al 2012;Wang et al 2011;Liu et al 2011), in nonlinear optics (e.g. second harmonic generators (SHG) or two photon absorbers (TPA)) (Miller et al 1994, Varanasi et al 1996Albert et al 1997;Breitung et al 2000;Hrobarik et al 2004;Cui et al 2006;Coe et al 2006;Razus et al 2007;Jin et al 2009;Hrobáriková et al 2010;Hrobarik et al 2011;Kariduraganavar et al 2011), as well as fluorescent dopants in the fabrication of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) (Tao et al 2011, Mishra et al 2009Mabrouk et al 2010;Fu et al 2009a;Fu et al 2009b;Xu et al 2007;Zhang et al 2001). Recently we reported the synthesis and characterization of the optical properties of novel benzothiazole derivatives bearing bithiophene, arylthiophene and (bi)thienylpyrrole π-bridges in solution (Costa et al 1997, Batista et al 2004Costa et al 2006;Batista et al 2007;Pina et al 2010;Raposo et al 2011a;Raposo et al 2011b;Raposo et al 2011c;Coelho et al 2012a;Coelho et al 2012b) in liquid crystals (Garcia-Amorós et al 2013;Garcia-Amorós et al 2014), and in PMMA or Zeonex matrixes…”