High‐temporal velocity‐encoded MRI for the assessment of left ventricular inflow propagation velocity: Comparison with color M‐mode echocardiography

Abstract

High temporal VE-MRI represents a novel approach to assess Vp, showing good correlation with Color M-mode echocardiography. In healthy subjects and patients with ischemic heart failure, this new method demonstrated good agreement with echocardiography to identify LV impaired relaxation.

Assessment of viscous energy loss and the association with three‐dimensional vortex ring formation in left ventricular inflow: In vivo evaluation using four‐dimensional flow MRI

“…Forty-four percent of the patients presented with a right bundle branch block and six (19%) with some form of left bundle branch block. Data from patients and/or controls were previously reported in studies with the aim to characterize and quantify diastolic trans-atrioventricular valve flow (15,24), providing reference values for 3D vortex flow in the LV (16) and evaluating LV inflow propagation velocity (25). Two more recent publications have used the 4D flow MRI data to evaluate the intracardiac blood flow organization in the same populations of corrected AVSD patients and healthy controls (17,26) and to evaluate vortex ring formation in patients after AVSDrepair (17).…”

Left ventricular flow propagation velocity measurement: Is it cast in stone?

“…Conventionally, V p measurement is determined from colour M-mode Doppler (CMMD) echocardiography, as the slope of the isovelocity contour, which spreads from the mitral leaflet tips (MLT) to 4 cm distance into the LV cavity [12]. This V p determination technique has recently been validated by using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) [2,36]. However, this conventional V p measurement only captures LV flow in a single linear dimension, and therefore, only a single directional velocity component could be examined.…”