High temporal resolution transparent thermoelectric temperature sensors for photothermal effect sensing

Abstract

We propose inkjet-printed high-speed and transparent temperature sensors based on the thermoelectric effect for direct monitoring the photothermal effect. They consist of highly transparent organic thermoelectric materials that allow excellent...

3D-Printed Soft Temperature Sensors Based on Thermoelectric Effects for Fast Mapping of Localized Temperature Distributions

“…Thermistor materials, piezoelectrics, triboelectrics, and thermoelectrics represent leading approaches in the development of temperature sensors that exhibit rapid and accurate responses to external temperature variations. ,− Among these, thermoelectric (TE)-based sensors leveraging the Seebeck effect have gained substantial attention with their ability to directly monitor the induced external thermal stimuli in the form of electrical signals in a highly proportional manner. , This feature of TE sensors allows for the immediate detection of minor temperature fluctuations across a broad range, facilitating the sensing of localized thermal inputs with exceptional temporal resolution. , …”

“…16,17 This feature of TE sensors allows for the immediate detection of minor temperature fluctuations across a broad range, facilitating the sensing of localized thermal inputs with exceptional temporal resolution. 18,19 Most TE temperature sensors are typically attached to the surfaces of targets to detect temperature changes through direct contact since the electric potential generated by the Seebeck effect arises from the temperature difference between the ends of the TE legs. 20,21 However, previously reported TE temperature sensors have critical drawbacks, such as low mechanical reliability or planar structural limitations.…”

“…First, conventional TE sensors based on inorganic materials such as Bi 2 Te 3 exhibited high sensitivity due to their high TE properties. Nevertheless, their inherent material rigidity constrains the mechanical stability of the TE temperature sensors, hampering their applications in mechanically harsh environments and even leading to fatigue failure from repetitive mechanical stimuli. , Therefore, to ensure accurate and reliable detection of temperature changes on arbitrarily shaped surfaces with mechanical deformations, temperature sensors need to possess high mechanical reliability under external deformations or repetitive stimuli for applications such as industrial moving machines and skin-interfaced wearable electronic systems.…”

“…In this regard, flexible TE sensors present an alternative solution for achieving mechanical stability as they can be fabricated by depositing flexible organic TE materials onto soft substrates in the form of thin or planar-type modules lying parallel to the substrate plane. ,− These planar-type flexible TE temperature sensors allow easy attachment to surfaces of arbitrary shapes and ensure stable operation even under deformations. However, in most applications, heat transfer from targets primarily occurs in the direction perpendicular to these planar-type temperature sensors, uniformly affecting all parts of the TE sensing units without discrimination.…”

Optimization of thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube veils by defect engineering

“…Thermoelectric (TE) materials can provide a promising route to harvest ubiquitous waste heat, directly converting thermal gradients into electrical power, [1][2][3][4][5][6] benefiting applications like aerospace, 7 industrial waste heat recovery, 8 energy harvesting, [9][10][11] self-powered sensors, [12][13][14][15] electromagnetic wave shielding and absorption, 16 touch sensing, 17 health monitoring and personal temperature regulation. Generally, the TE performance of a material can be evaluated by a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT), which scales with the electrical conductivity (s), the square of the Seebeck coefficient (S), the inverse of thermal conductivity (k) and the material temperature T (ZT = TS 2 s/k).…”