High-Temperature Viscosity Measurement of LiCl-KCl Molten Salts Comprising Actinides and Lanthanides

Kim, Jong-Yun; Bae, Sang-Eun; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Choi, Yong Suk; Yeon, Jei‐Won; Song, Kyuseok

doi:10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.11.3871

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Compared with the experimental measurement, the average viscosity of LiCl−KCl eutectic salt at 973 K is ∼1.4 centipoise (cP), which is 20% higher than the measured value of 1.15 cP (59.5 mol % LiCl). 74 The viscosity measured for 58 mol % LiCl−KCl salt at 773 K is 2.2 cP, while the DP-FF MD calculation is 3.5 cP. 52 Overall, the MD simulation results of the viscosity of LiCl−KCl are consistent with the experimental measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Coordination and Thermophysical Properties of Transition Metal Chlorocomplexes in LiCl–KCl Eutectic

Zhang

Fuller

2021

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Eutectic LiCl–KCl molten salt is often used in molten salt reactors as the primary coolant due to its high thermal capacity and high solubility of fission products. Thermophysical properties, such as density, heat capacity, and viscosity, are important parameters for engineering applications of molten salts but may be significantly influenced by metal solutes from corrosion of metallic structural materials. The behavior of the LiCl–KCl eutectic composition is well researched, yet the effects on these properties due to chlorocomplex formation from metals dissolved in the salt are less well known. These properties are often difficult to accurately measure from experimental methods due to the issues arising from the dissolved species, such as volatility. Here, we applied a combination of quantum mechanics molecular dynamics (QM-MD) and deep machine learning force field (DP-FF) molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural and thermophysical properties of LiCl–KCl eutectic as well as the influence of dissolved transition metal chlorocomplexes NiCl2 and CrCl3 at low concentrations. We find that the dissolution of Ni and Cr in the LiCl–KCl system forms the local tetrahedral (NiCl4)2– and octahedral (CrCl6)3– chlorocomplexes, respectively, which do not have a significant impact on the overall liquid salt structures. In addition, the thermodynamic properties including diffusion constant and specific heat capacity are not significantly affected by these chlorocomplexes. However, the viscosity significantly increases in the temperature range of 673–773 K. This study thus provides essential information for evaluating the effects of dissolved metals on the thermophysical and transport properties of molten salts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Coordination and Thermophysical Properties of Transition Metal Chlorocomplexes in LiCl–KCl Eutectic

Zhang

Fuller

2021

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…The authors believe that it was caused by the distortion of the solution structure or the formation of the insoluble UCl 3 , NdCl 3 , CeCl 3 , and LaCl 3 in solution [30]. The turning point concentration is higher than the maximum one of 11 wt% used in the present simulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Kim et al [30] studied the viscosity of LiCl-KCl Molten salts with actinides and lanthanides dissolved at 773 K by an object falling down method. The reported data show that viscosity increases with the concentration up to around 13 wt% even though it starts to decrease after that.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical diffusion coefficient calculation of U3+ in LiCl-KCl molten salt

Zhou

Zhang

2016

Progress in Nuclear Energy

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Self-diffusion coefficient denotes the intrinsic diffusion of elements without the chemical gradient; generally, it is different from the chemical diffusion coefficient that is used in Fick's law. However, the self-diffusion coefficient can be converted to the chemical diffusion coefficient by considering the concentration-dependent activity coefficient of solute. In this study, the multiple time origins method was applied to calculate the self-diffusion coefficient of U 3+ in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at different temperatures and concentrations. The chemical diffusion coefficient was obtained based on the calculated results and thermodynamic theory. Calculated results show that self-diffusion coefficient decreases with concentration however chemical diffusion coefficient indicates to change little initially but appears to increase followed by decrease later within the concentration range of 0 to 3 at%.

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“…At a very low scan rate, 5 mV/s, data, the viscosity and density of the molten salt was assumed to be that of pure LiCl-KCl and the RCE surface was assumed to be smooth. Under these assumptions, Re was calculated to be 7 to 77 using rotational rates from 50 to 500 RPM, a dynamic viscosity of 2.2×10 -3 Pa s [20,21], and a density of 1.62 g cm -3 [22]. Sc was calculated to be 1250 for U 3+ and 780 for Mg 2+ using diffusion coefficients of 1.09 and 1.74 × 10 -5 cm 2 s -1 for U 3+ and Mg 2+ , respectively [11].…”

Section: Mass-transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the rotating cylinder electrode in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic containing uranium(III)- and magnesium(II)-chloride

Rappleye

Simpson

2017

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The application of the rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) to molten LiCl-KCl eutectic mixtures for electroanlytical measurements is presented. This enabled the measurement of the limiting current which was observed to follow a linear trend with the rotational rate raised to 0.64-0.65 power on average, which closely agrees with existing RCE mass-transfer correlations. This is the first publication of electroanalytical RCE measurements in LiCl-KCl eutectic based molten salt mixtures, to our knowledge. These measurements were made in mixtures of molten LiCl-KCl eutectic containing UCl 3 and MgCl 2. Kinetic parameters were calculated for Mg 2+ in LiCl-KCl eutectic. The exchange current density (i o) of Mg 2+ deposition varied with mole fraction (x) according to i o (A cm-2) = 1.64x 0.689. The parameters from RCE measurements were also applied in an electrochemical co-deposition model entitled DREP to detect and predict the deposition rate of U and Mg. DREP succeeded in detecting the co-deposition of U and Mg, even when Mg constituted less than 0.5 wt% of the deposit.

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High-Temperature Viscosity Measurement of LiCl-KCl Molten Salts Comprising Actinides and Lanthanides

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Coordination and Thermophysical Properties of Transition Metal Chlorocomplexes in LiCl–KCl Eutectic

Coordination and Thermophysical Properties of Transition Metal Chlorocomplexes in LiCl–KCl Eutectic

Chemical diffusion coefficient calculation of U3+ in LiCl-KCl molten salt

Application of the rotating cylinder electrode in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic containing uranium(III)- and magnesium(II)-chloride

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